Landscape poetry.
Wang Wei is in Chai Lu.
No one can be seen in the silent valley, only the voice is heard.
Go back to the depths of the forest and shine at me from the green moss.
Meng Haoran in the spring dawn
Sleeping sickness in spring unconsciously broke the morning, and the chirping of birds disturbed my sleep.
How many flowers fall after a stormy night.
Wang Wei, Bird Watching Creek
People are idle, osmanthus flowers fall, and the night is quiet and empty.
When the moon comes out, the birds are startled, and the sound enters the spring stream.
Zhu wangwei
I leaned alone in the dense bamboo, playing the piano and humming a song.
It's too light for anyone to hear, except my partner, Mingyue.
Meng Haoran at night on Jiande River
Stop the boat in a foggy small state, when new worries come to the guest's heart.
The vastness of the wilderness is deeper than trees, and the moon is very close to the moon.
Wang Wei is in the mountains.
The stream of the river has been flowing for less than a day, and white stones are exposed on the riverbed. The weather is getting colder and the red leaves on the branches are becoming scarce.
There is no rain on the winding mountain road, the smoke is misty in the dense pine trees, and the water vapor is heavy, as if to flow, and then the clothes of passers-by.
Wang Wei, a mountain dweller in autumn
The empty mountains are bathed in a new rain, and feel the early autumn at night.
The bright moon shed clear light from the cracks and cleared the fountain on the rocks.
The bamboo forest is sonorous, the washerwoman returns, and the lotus leaves are swaying to get on the canoe.
Spring spring might as well give it a rest, and the autumn sun can stay on the hills for a long time.
Meng Haoran, passing by the old people's village
This old friend prepared a delicious meal and invited me to his hospitable farm.
Green Woods surround the village and green hills are located outside the city.
Open the window facing the valley vegetable garden and pass the glass to talk about crops.
Please come here to see chrysanthemums when the ninth festival comes.
Drink Tao Yuanming
Building a house is human, and there are no horses and chariots.
Ask what you can do, your heart is far from self-prejudice.
Picking chrysanthemums under the east fence, you can see Nanshan leisurely.
The mountains are getting better and better, and the birds are back.
That makes sense. I forgot what I wanted to say. On Li Bai's Landscape Poems
Five holy mountains, there is no concept of distance.
A ramble on Li Bai's landscape poems
Li Bai spent most of his life wandering in seclusion. He said, "I am a madman in Chu. He sang a crazy song and argued with Confucius. ..... All five sacred mountains, there is no idea of distance, according to a constant habit in my life. " (Lu Shan Ge Yu Shi Lu Xuzhou) He doesn't admire Confucian saints, but wants to be a Taoist believer in order to live forever and travel in seclusion, so he "loves to visit famous mountains and follow them far away" (Peng Chi meets a hermit on the bank of Jinling River). However, he is a brilliant poet, arrogant and uninhibited, and despises dignitaries. "Xing Han put pen to paper and shook the five mountains, and his poems became the smile of Ling Cangzhou" (Shanghe). Therefore, among his many earth-shattering poems, there are also many landscape chapters, which have pushed landscape poetry to a new height and opened up a new realm.
"Zhuang Lao excused himself, and the landscape is really beautiful" ("Wen Xin Diao Long Shi Ming"). When Emperor Wudi of Buyi became emperor, everyone's door in Xie Wang was hit. The poet Xie Lingyun roamed the mountains and rivers angrily, but realized that the beauty of nature's mountains and rivers is concrete. He said: "The husband's food and clothing is the capital of life; Mountain suitability. " Just like life needs food and clothing, natural landscape is an object and environment suitable for people to rest and enjoy. Conceptually, he got rid of the moralization of Han Dynasty and the mystification of Wei and Jin Dynasties. He discovered the gorgeous natural beauty of mountains and rivers in eastern Zhejiang and wrote a lot of poems with the theme of enjoying mountains and rivers. Therefore, although his landscape poems have obvious shortcomings, they have liberated the natural landscape from the shackles of ancient deification, ethics and metaphysics, making it a natural work of art, radiant, humanized and appreciated by people. Since then, the wanderer in the poem has added a new activity, namely official tour; The hermit in the poem also has a new pleasure, that is, seclusion. However, the North and the South are divided and opposed, and the political situation is turbulent and changeable. There are few people who are proud of official travel, and there are really few people who live in seclusion. Poets are not broad-minded, have low ambitions, narrow their horizons and narrow their tastes. Therefore, regardless of official travel or seclusion, the ideological realm of landscape poetry is limited, but the artistic expression is exquisite and delicate, and many vivid famous sentences have appeared. Its representative poet is Xie Tiao, whom Li Baishen admires: "I have been meditating for a long time under the moon, and I have never seen you since ancient times." . Explaining that "Chengjiang is as pure as practice" makes people remember Xie Xuanhui for a long time. It can be seen that Li Bai's landscape poems accepted the artistic nourishment of Xie Lingyun and Xie Tiao, and inherited and developed the artistic tradition of Xie's landscape poems.
With the unification of the Sui Dynasty and the prosperity of the Tang Dynasty, the poet experienced wait-and-see wandering, increased his optimism about life, broadened his outlook for the future, broadened his horizons in official tours and expressed his passion in the mountains and rivers. The ideological realm of landscape poetry is gradually lofty and broad, and the artistic expression tends to be similar from form to spirit, while the landscape image in the poem also changes from slender to majestic, from appreciating the natural form to expressing the poet himself. Wang Bo's "Biography of the Letter of Appointment" expresses the farewell friendship of friends on official tours, which rises with the mountains and rivers: "By this way, the wall of Sanqin District is surrounded, and the five rivers are separated by a fog." Although this future prospect is confused, it is open-minded and tragic. However, in Du Fu's "Looking at the Early Spring Tour in Lucheng in Jinling", the poet who traveled from the Central Plains to Jiangnan as a virtuous man felt the freshness of the phenological scenery in early spring in Jiangnan: "White clouds and red clouds dawn from the sea, and spring is in the wild. I saw an oriole flying in the warm air, and a green water plant was reflected by the sun. " Filled with warm and beautiful spring, it reveals the poet's optimistic mood. In the early years of the prosperous Tang Dynasty, about the early years of Emperor Xuanzong of the Tang Dynasty, Wang Wan's "The next berth on the Beibao Mountain" appeared: "Until the low tide, the two sides widened, and there was no wind to stir my sails alone. ... the night now gives way to the ocean of the sun, and the old year melts in freshness. " The eyes of official travel poets show a magnificent atmosphere and bright future, keenly foresee the arrival of a moderns, and show the poet's optimistic confidence and comfortable feeling of peace and prosperity. Therefore, at that time, Wenzong Zhang said that this poem was highly respected. "Every time you write a government hall, you can make it a model" (Yin Lan's He Yueling Photo Album). In Ming Dynasty, Hu Yinglin was rated as "describing the scenery, which is wonderful throughout the ages", showing the "sharp boundary" of the early Tang Dynasty and the prosperous Tang Dynasty (poems were compiled internally). This is a brand-new feature of landscape poems describing the life of official travel, and it is a height reached by Li Bai's poetry circle in his youth.
At the same time, a new kind of hermit appeared. They are interested in helping the world, but they don't admire Rong Lu. They are arrogant, unwilling to take exams, showing that they are improper officials but do not avoid the world, and they do not refuse to be officials but are not attached to power and bound. This earned them lofty expectations and a reputation as hermits, but in fact they are great celebrities. They are not passive and secluded, but often travel across oceans, with a wide network of contacts and diverse religions, regardless of rank. Their seclusion is very different from that of the Southern Dynasties. The vast world is like their hearts, and the clear scenery can be used as a sustenance. They sang loudly in the famous mountains and rivers, all corners of the country, and poured out their hearts under the bright moon and cool breeze. Meng Haoran, a landscape poet in Kaiyuan period, is the representative of this kind of hermit and celebrity. Although he once retired to Lumen Mountain and sang "Hut Gate, Pine and cypress Path, Lonely and Quiet, Only Youren Come and Go" ("Song of Returning to Lumen at Night"), he even generously sang: "The lake here in August is in harmony with the sky. Clouds and clouds are in the valley, and Yueyang City is also trapped. " (A Letter from Dongting Lake to Premier Zhang) Water and sky are connected, and the waves are rough, which shows the poet's mind and momentum. He also has a kind lyric: "how vast the world is, how close the trees are to heaven, and how close the moon is to the water!" Travel is a relief to the open world and the moonlight on the river. The young Li Bai admired the famous Mencius very much: "When the ruddy youth gave up the importance of hats and chariots, you chose pine trees and clouds;" Now whitehead. Drunk with the moon, the sage of dreams, the temptation of flowers, the monarch is the emperor. " (A Word to Meng Haoran) Praise him for not admiring Rong Lu and not serving the king. It can be seen that the reclusive landscape poems at this time also present brand-new characteristics. Comparatively speaking, this kind of landscape poetry has a more profound influence on Li Bai.