Brief introduction of Taling

In China, Confucian filial piety culture is the core, combined with the education of loyalty, filial piety, propriety and righteousness, and Confucian thoughts such as clearing the source, remembering ancestors, pursuing the future cautiously, and being grateful for filial piety are promoted. This is the core cultural content of folk Taling architecture. But there are also some folk Tallinns buried outside the temple. According to records, Confucius, the founder of Confucianism, said after burying his parents together: "I heard that ancient tombs are also tombs, not graves; Today, people in the hills, east and west, north and south, will not misunderstand. So I sealed it and worshipped it for four feet. " Planting trees on graves is mainly used as a standard for graves. Han Zhong Changtong's "Chang Yan" said: "The burial of the ancients, pines, cypresses and phoenix trees also know the grave." Confucius' phrases have a great influence on later generations. The ancient system of planting trees on tombs, which was originally enjoyed only by emperors, doctors and scholars, was popularized, so "tree burial" became the wind of ancient system in later generations. In addition, the Book of Rites on Tan Gong said: "Ancient tombs are also tombs, not tombs." It is said that graves are not built on the graves of Yin people. This is the ancient burial method of "flat burial", that is, deep digging holes to bury bones and no graves on the ground. The popular "flat burial" in Yin and Shang Dynasties and the "tree burial" in Zhou Dynasty had a far-reaching influence on later generations. These two burial methods are special cases of the ancient folk sacrifice system. Generally, they are located around the palace of Taling Palace or in the green space.

The temples and palaces in Tallinn are mainly in Han, Tang, Ming and Qing styles, and their layout is similar to that of Confucius Temple. The gods they worship are mainly clan ancestors, such as "Three Emperors and Five Emperors", "Confucius" and "Laozi". And local gods. Typical examples are the ancient Shu ancestors such as "Can Cong" and "Wang Di" enshrined in Taling, Sichuan. In China, the so-called "Confucianism and Taoism are inseparable", and Taoist beliefs have been deeply rooted in people's hearts consciously or unconsciously. Many folklores are dedicated to Taoist immortals, such as Zhao Gongming, God of Wealth, Sun Simiao, King of Medicine, Samsung, Mazu, Taishang Laojun, Jade Emperor and Huangdi of Fu Lushou. There is not much obvious difference between Taling and Taoist jungle. Mainly refers to Taoism in China and Buddhism introduced into China from India.

In ancient China, the most noble cemeteries were all called "Mausoleums", such as the immortal Huangdi in Lapras and the founder of Eight Diagrams, Taihao Fuxi. Their tombs were all called "Mausoleums", which is a long-standing cultural tradition in China. Taoism is the religion of our country. Mr. Lu Xun said that "China's roots are all in Taoism". Taoism is indeed a religion that inherits the wisdom of China's geomantic culture, Yin-Yang theory and Five Elements theory. It is also a religion that attaches great importance to "health preservation and death". Therefore, in addition to Tallinn, some Taoist temples, palaces and temples in China also have "Health Hall" and "Yi Nian". The bread here contains China people's calmness and calmness about life and death. In Taoism's view, death is not a sad thing, but a detached world outlook and outlook on life that conforms to heaven and advocates inaction, so it shows a detached attitude of enjoying life and death in personal view of life and death. Zhuangzi, a southern real person, thinks that life and death are the same thing, just like the changes of four seasons, so "I am happy when I am alive, and I am happy when I am dead" and "I will die" make me rest in peace with death. Therefore, it is better to live than to die. Taoism regards human death as a return to nature, a return to nature. Therefore, after the death of Zhuangzi's wife, he should be sad, but he "sings with a drum and a basin". Even today, Taoist priests have many elements of singing and dancing in the Dojo of funeral ceremony. So many emperors in China built tombs for themselves shortly after they ascended the throne, and many ordinary people built tombs for themselves before they died. Taoism has a far-reaching influence on China's cultural thought, eliminating people's fear and taboo of death, which is an important prerequisite for the revival of Taling.

Taoist treatment of the body after death: Liezi said in Liezi Yang Zhu VII, "If I die, I am here. You can burn it, sink it, burn it, uncover it, and abandon the gully to pay for your clothes ... "Taoism has not specified a specific way, but for a long time, the" first "way that Liezi talked about-cremation-was followed by the people of all ages and used more. Others, such as sitting in a jar, drowning, abandoned wilderness, are rarely used. After cremation, there were different ways to collect ashes in past dynasties. According to the Taoist view of heaven and earth, man is born to be raised, and heaven gives him soul and earth gives him spirit. When people die, the soul goes to heaven, and the spirit (that is, the body) returns to the ground. Therefore, ashes have been scattered into the earth and rivers throughout the ages. However, it is necessary to keep a "spiritual tablet" for future generations to sacrifice in the Taling or ancestral temple. However, this method is not recognized by most people. Therefore, in Tallinn, ashes and spirit tablets are often offered together.

In addition, China people's concept is different from other ethnic groups, and that is "ancestor worship". Taoism in China believes that people are born in harmony with heaven and earth. As mentioned above, Heaven gives people a "soul" and naturally gives people a "spirit", that is, the body. After death, people's souls are separated, and the souls of ancestors can bless filial piety, benefit future generations and shelter future generations! Therefore, in Taling in the Taoist jungle, "Fu" is the cultural core! Part of it is "God bless" and part is "Ghost bless". Therefore, Taling in the Taoist jungle is called "blessed land", "Ling Bao", "blessed land" and "Feixian Pavilion", and Quanzhen Road and Zhenda Road in Taoism are also called Taoist pagodas, lay pagodas and other pagodas.

Since Buddhism was introduced into China, the concept of "samsara" has strongly impacted China's traditional concept of soul. The theory of "samsara" admits that death is inevitable, but it will never die. However, after death, the immortal soul will cycle in heaven, man, beast, hungry ghost and hell, and the image and fate born will be dominated by the principles of "retribution for good and evil", "doing good in this life will be rewarded in the next life" and "doing evil in this life will suffer in the next life". This outlook on life of "six masters in the wheel of karma" has had a great impact on the idea that the ancestors' souls can live forever in the underworld in China, on the traditional concept of the soul in China and on the traditional funeral etiquette of Confucianism and Taoism based on "immortality of the soul" and "filial piety first". The concept of "six divisions in the wheel of karma" not only denies the concepts of "ancestors bless Hui Ze's descendants" and "thinking about filial piety", but also further denies China's inherent way of thinking such as "Feng Shui culture", "Yin and Yang theory" and "keeping fit and dying". Established a complete funeral concept of "leaving six roads and going to the pure land", which has been integrated into the funeral culture of China in the long years and has become an important part of folk funeral customs in China.

Buddhism and Taoism treat the body after death basically the same. At that time, there were four burial customs in ancient India: cremation, water burial, earth burial and wild burial, and Buddhists also chose cremation as the mainstay. Burn it with fire and give the relic to the tower. "Tower" is the most noble place to collect bones in Tianzhu (India), such as the King of Japan, King Kumara and King Ashoka who unified India in history. Therefore, there is a "Tianzhu bone, and the tower is the most expensive; The saying that the middle-earth sleeps and the mausoleum is supreme. The Taling in the Buddhist jungle is called "Ordinary Pagoda" and "Haihui Building". Haihui is a common metaphor in Buddhist scriptures, which refers to the gathering place of Buddhist saints. The depth of virtue is like the sea. " "Hua Yan Xuan Shu" Volume I said: "Those who talk about the sea are called the sea because it is deep and wide, while Pu Xian and others are called the sea because of its virtue, and its number is wide, which stops its dust. "When" Sea Club "is the general name of Tallinn, it means that all people in the sea will gather at one point.

In addition, there is the Pure Land Sect of Buddhism, which was first formed by the Buddhist Lotus Society established by Master Hui Yuan. Because he specializes in the pure land method of Amitabha Buddha, he was named "Pure Land" (also known as Lotus Sect and White Lotus Sect). Because the content of faith is to seek "bliss in the past", it is called "Blissful Hall". Its main cultural core is to break away from the Six Daoism and go to the Elysium.