How do you view the elevation of outdoor drainage pipes in building water supply and drainage construction drawings?

The elevation of outdoor drainage pipes in the building water supply and drainage construction drawings can be determined by looking at the cross-section drawing. Generally speaking, the elevation is determined based on the center of the pipeline. Marking the elevation with the bottom of the pipe or the top of the pipe requires special instructions on the design drawings.

The main content and precautions for reading are as follows:

(1) Find out the layout and direction of the pipeline. Usually water supply pipes are represented by thick solid lines, and drainage pipes are represented by thick dotted lines. Inspection wells are represented by small circles with a diameter of 2-3mm. The direction of the water supply pipe is from large pipe diameter to small pipe diameter, leading to the building; the direction of the drainage pipe is from the building to the inspection well, from high elevation to low elevation between the inspection wells, and the pipe diameter is from small to small. to the big ones.

(2) Find out the specific locations of fire hydrants, water meter wells, and valve wells. When there are pumping stations, pools, water towers, and other structures on the pipeline, it is necessary to find out the location of these structures and the direction in and out of the pipeline. As well as the arrangement of pipes, valves and accessories on each structure.

(3) The location of the inspection well and the elevation of the inlet and outlet pipes of the inspection well. When there is no elevation mark, the slope can be used to calculate the relative elevation of the pipeline. When there is a local sewage treatment structure in the drainage pipeline, it is also necessary to find out The location of these structures, the pipe diameter, distance, slope, etc. of the inlet and outlet pipes, etc., if necessary, you should check the relevant detailed drawings to further understand the structure of the structure and the piping conditions on the structure.

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Construction drawings represent the overall layout of the project, the external shape, internal layout, structural construction, internal and external decoration, material practices, equipment, and construction requirements of the buildings and structures. pattern.

Construction drawings can be divided into architectural construction drawings, structural construction drawings, water and electricity construction drawings, etc. according to type; construction drawings mainly consist of frame, elevation, plan, compass, legend, and scale. composed of other parts. At present, my country's construction drawing methods have become mature.

1. Components of architectural construction drawings

The architecture major is the leader in the design of the entire building. Without architectural design, other majors would not be able to talk about design. Architectural design is so important that we need to know how to view architectural construction drawings. Of course, we must first understand the composition of architectural construction drawings, which generally include the following parts: drawing catalog, door and window table, general description of architectural design, floor plan ~ roof plan, front elevation Drawings, back elevation, east elevation, west elevation, section (there may be more than one depending on the situation), large node drawings, large door and window drawings, large stair drawings (there may be multiple stairs depending on the function) and elevator).

As a structural designer, you must go through the architectural drawings carefully and carefully. If you don’t understand, you need to consult the architecture and other majors involved in the architectural drawings. You must absolutely understand the design concept and intention of the building. .

2. Drawing catalog door and window table

The drawing catalog is a catalog to understand the overall situation of the entire architectural design. From it, you can know the number of drawings, the size of the drawings, the project number, and the construction unit and Regarding the main functions of the entire building, if there is any discrepancy between the drawing catalog and the actual drawings, the situation must be checked with the building. I believe everyone will be familiar with the door and window table, which is the door and window numbers, door and window sizes and methods, which are essential for everyone to calculate the load in the structure.

3. General description of architectural design

The general description of architectural design is very important to structural design, because the general description of architectural design will mention many practices and many structural design methods. Data, such as: the location of the building (used in the structure to determine the degree of fortification and wind and snow loads), the Yellow Sea elevation (used to calculate the foundation size and burial depth, pile top elevation, etc. Without the Yellow Sea elevation, construction would be impossible. Construction), wall practices, ground practices, floor practices, etc. (used to determine the load of each part). In short, you should not be careless when reading the architectural design instructions. This is a very important link in whether the structural design is correct.

1. Building plan

The building plan is relatively intuitive. The main information is the layout of the column network and the layout of the functional walls of each floor, the layout of doors, windows, and the location of stairs.

The first-floor plan is not needed in superstructure modeling (except for overhead floors and basements, etc.). The first-floor plan is used when making the foundation. As for how to actually do the structural design, this article will not go into detail. I will only talk about it here. How to read building construction drawings.

As a structural designer, when looking at the floor plan, you need to consider whether the layout of the building's column network is reasonable. If there is any inappropriateness, you should give reasons to persuade the building to be modified. Modifications usually do not affect the building's function and use effect. The building will also agree to the modification. If the building does not change, then the only choice is to cry and look at the pictures and floor plans. After understanding the functions of each part of the building, basically the value of the live load on the structure will be roughly understood. After understanding the columns, The layout of mesh and wall doors and windows, column cross-sections, beam heights, and beam arrangements are all pretty much there. Anyway, there must be beams underneath the wall. Unless it is a partition that Party A takes care of itself, it is best for lightweight walls to stand on beams. .

It is worth mentioning that pay attention to the roof plan. Usually modern buildings have layered structures for the effect of the facade, which are usually more complicated. You need to carefully understand the concept of the building and consult with us when necessary. Architectural or ask for renderings, and strive to make yourself understand what the three-dimensional formation of the entire structure looks like, so that you will not make mistakes. In addition, it is also necessary to understand whether the level is a structural slope or a building slope.

2. Building elevation

Building elevation is a description of the building’s elevation, mainly the appearance effect. It provides information to the structural engineer, mainly doors and windows. The elevation arrangement and facade layout on the facade, as well as the facade decorative materials and concave and convex changes. Usually where there are lines, there are surface changes, and then there is information such as floor height, which is also the data that plays a role in determining the structural load.

3. Architectural section drawing

The function of the architectural section drawing is to cut out the parts that cannot be clearly expressed in the plan and elevation drawings, so as to express the architectural designer's vision of the interior of the building. Through processing, structural engineers can obtain more accurate floor height information and local height changes in the section drawing. The section information directly determines whether the beam at the section is sinking or lifting relative to the floor elevation, or is wrong. Floor beams, or sandwich beams, short columns, etc. At the same time, we have a clear idea of ​​whether the frame beam acts as a lintel at the top of the window or whether another lintel is needed.

4. Large sample drawings of nodes and large samples of doors and windows

In order to more clearly express the methods of each part of the building so that the construction personnel can understand their design intentions, architects need to Draw large samples of nodes with complex structures to illustrate detailed methods. Not only should we use node diagrams to further understand the architect's ideas, but we should also analyze whether the node drawing method is reasonable and whether it can be realized on the structure, and then check each element through calculations. Whether the size of the components is sufficient and steel bars are provided.

Of course, some nodes do not require reinforcement by the structural engineer, but the structural engineer also needs to determine whether the node can be realized in the entire structure. The large door and window schematics are not of much use to the structural engineer, but for some special doors and windows, the structural engineer must draw the lintel layout diagram on the facade so that the construction personnel can have a definite method for such specially shaped door and window lintels to avoid An error in understanding by the construction personnel occurred.

5. Staircase diagram

Stairs are an essential part of every multi-story and high-rise building, and they are also a very important part. The staircase diagram is divided into different types of stairs. Floor plan and stair section, the structural engineer also needs to carefully analyze the composition of each part of the stair to see whether it can form a whole. When calculating the stair, the large stair drawing is the only basis, and all calculation data are obtained from the stair. Large drawing, so when looking at the large drawing of the staircase, you must also clearly consider the thickness of the ladder beams, the thickness of the ladder slab and the structural form of the stairs.

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