Jiang Ziya (? —? Year)
Name: Jiang Shang.
Life and death: -Former 102 1?
Description: The most famous politician, strategist and strategist in the history of China.
Native place: Donghai seaside
Source:
Character overview Edit this paragraph, fame, Lu, Ziziya, or simply Daya. Also known as Lu Shang, because he is the ancestor of Qi, he is called "King Tai Gong", commonly known as "King Tai Gong". Seaside people in the East China Sea. In the early years of the Western Zhou Dynasty, Zhou Wenwang named him a "Taishi" (the name of a military attache), respected him as a "teacher who respects his father", assisted Wang Wen and asked for "Qiu". Later, Zhou Wuwang was helped to destroy the business. Because of his achievements, he became the ancestor of the State of Qi in the Zhou Dynasty. He is the most famous politician, strategist and strategist in the history of China.
According to legend, Jiang Shang's predecessor was a nobleman who was an official in Shun Dynasty. Because of his contribution to Lu (now Nanyang, Henan Province), he was named Lu Shang. In ancient China, surnames were the product of matriarchal clans, so surnames were "women". Later, a surname was dominated by men. After the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period, there were more and more surnames, and surnames and surnames gradually merged into one, and now they are called surnames.
Later, the family was ruined and Jiang Shang became a poor man. In order to make a living, Jiang Shang slaughtered cattle and sold meat in Shangdu Chao Ge (now Qixian County, Henan Province) and sold wine in Jin Meng (now northeast Mengjin County, Henan Province) when he was young. Although he is poor, he is ambitious, studies hard, and always studies and discusses ways to govern and rejuvenate the country in order to make great achievements and serve the country one day. Until my later years, I finally met the opportunity to display my talents.
At that time, it was the period when the Shang Dynasty, a great eastern country, went into decline. Yin is brutal and dissolute, political affairs are corrupt, society is dark, economy collapses, people are suffering and full of complaints. During the Western Zhou Dynasty, Xibe Jichang (later Zhou Wenwang) advocated benevolent policies, developed the economy, and implemented the policy of building the country through thrift and enriching the people. As a result, the society was clear and the people were stable, and the country became stronger and stronger. All the people in the world fell in love with Zhou, and all the governors were looking forward to it. Jiang Shang, full of courage, learned that Ji Chang was recruiting talents in order to govern the country and rejuvenate the country, so he resolutely left the Shang Dynasty and came to live in Panxi River, the territory of the Western Zhou Dynasty on the bank of Wei River, fishing all day and waiting for the change of the world. One day, while fishing in Panxi, Jiang Shang happened to meet Xibe Jichang, a hunter. They met by chance and had a good chat. Seeing that Jiang Shang was knowledgeable and familiar with history and the current situation, Ji Chang asked him for advice on how to govern and rejuvenate the country. Jiang Shang immediately put forward the "three invariants" and said: "On the one hand, the monarch mainly takes the promotion of sages as the normal state. On the one hand, officials should take Ren Xian as the normal state. On the other hand, scholars should respect sages as the normal state." It means that in order to run the country and secure the country, we must focus on talents and attach importance to discovering and using talents. Ji Chang was very happy after hearing this, and said, "My late father predicted; Zhou can flourish only when there are saints to follow Zhou. Are you a saint? I have been looking forward to it for a long time! So Ji Chang personally helped Jiang Shang get on the bus and went back to the palace together, worshiping him as a surname and calling him a "squire". From then on, heroes have a place to play.
Note: It is said that Jiang Shang, whose ancestral home is Chu Shi, hid by the sea in order to escape the tyranny of Yinzhou. He also said that he had something to do, left because he had no choice, lobbied the governor, and then died in Zhou Wenwang. Others said that he once slaughtered cattle in Chao Ge (now Yinzhou County, Henan Province) and sold them to Jin Meng (now north of Yujin, Henan Province). Or he was old and poor, hiding in Weibin, fishing in Zhou Wenwang, and Wenwangzai returned to his hometown to become a teacher. Although the above-mentioned ways of returning to Zhou are different, the core figure of the event of returning to Zhou is certain.
Soon, Shang Zhouwang suspected that Zhou Wenwang wanted to dominate the industry. Zhou Wenwang was arrested in a prison in the capital. So he and Sansheng conquered beautiful women and rare treasures from all over the world, dedicated them to and redeemed King Wen. After King Wen returned to China, he secretly discussed with him how to overthrow the Shang regime. To this end, Jiang Shang planned the strategies of many strategists. Because of this, Jiang Shang was the first to be talked about by later generations and became the ancestor of strategists, or the originator.
During the period of assistance, Jiang Shang formulated a series of correct domestic and foreign policies to strengthen Zhou and destroy business. Internally, the economic policies such as farmers helping to cultivate public land, paying one-ninth of the rent, eight acres of private land and one hundred acres of land are implemented. All officials and children have their own land, which has been inherited by future generations as a salary, which has promoted the development of Ding production and laid an economic foundation for eliminating commerce. Insisting on paralyzing Zhou Wang with salutation, secretly pursuing the strategy of wooing neighboring countries, gradually wooing and disintegrating the allies of Shang Dynasty, weakening and isolating Shang Dynasty. Under the active planning, more and more vassal States and tribes joined in, gradually occupying most of the territory of Shang Dynasty, and the situation of "three points of the world, two returns to Zhou" appeared, which created conditions for the final elimination and replacement of Shang Dynasty.
After Zhou Wenwang's death, Ji Fa, the king of Wu, succeeded to the throne, worshiping Jiang Shang as his teacher and honoring him as his father. Continue to assist Zhou in handling state affairs. On one occasion, Zhou Wuwang asked, "I want to punish power lightly, reward goodness less, and simply educate the people. What is feasible? " Jiang Shang replied: "Killing one person and thousands of people is afraid, killing two people and thousands of people is afraid, and killing three people is exciting. If you reward one person, thousands of people will be happy, if you reward two people, thousands of people will be happy, and if you reward three people, the three armies will be happy. Make one thousand people walk, make it; Two people are forbidden, and ten thousand people stop, then they are forbidden; Teach three men and three armies. Yes, teach them. It is your great fortune to kill a million people and reward them. " King Wu followed his advice, was cautious about the reward, and tried to ban it, making the politics of the Zhou Dynasty more and more clear. At this time, the political situation of Shang Dynasty was even darker, and more and more people rebelled against Yin and attached Zhou Dynasty. The Zhou Dynasty gradually matured and the country became prosperous. In the ninth year of King Wu (about 1059 BC), he went to the East to discuss the Shang kingdom in order to explore whether the princes would gather. He drove there under the commander-in-chief, where he held the historic "Jin Meng Oath" and published a campaign against Yin. At that time, 800 vassal States will gather here (at that time, the vassal States were very small, and the territory of Shang Dynasty was more than 1800. Later, the five tyrants in the Spring and Autumn Period and the seven heroes in the Warring States were all larger vassal States formed in the melee of mergers and acquisitions, which shows the prestige of the prince of Wu. At that time, many governors said, "Shang and Zhou Dynasties can be cut!" King Wu and Jiang Shang thought the time was not yet ripe. Although the rule of the Yin and Shang Dynasties was in a difficult and precarious situation at home and abroad, there was no obvious disintegration within it. If the troops are attacked, they will inevitably encounter stubborn resistance. So, I decided to move forward and return. This action was actually a rehearsal before the demise of Shang Dynasty, which had a strong influence in the vassal states and made more vassal states obey Zhou Wuwang.
In the 11th year of King Wu (about 1062 BC), the core of the Yin-Shang ruling group clashed and Bi Gan, a good minister, was killed. Ji Zi was imprisoned as a slave, and my son fled for fear of disaster. A surname was flawed, and Shao Shi surrendered to Zhou Wuwang. Q: "Minister Yin is dead, or has escaped. Can he be saved?" Jiang Shang replied: "If Heaven does not take it, it will be blamed; When it is impossible, it will be attacked by guests. " Hearing this, King Wu decided to send troops to attack. Tell the local governors: "Yin has a felony and can't help but finish the battle." With Jiang Shang as the commander in chief, he commanded 300 chariots, 3,000 warriors and 45,000 soldiers. With the call of "hanging the people and beheading the people", we joined forces with vassal countries to send troops to forge ahead (see "The Battle of Destroying Merchants in the Zhou Dynasty"). However, the result of divination is unlucky. When the troops arrived at Niutou Mountain in Surabaya, the wind was very strong, the flag was destroyed, and the people became suspicious. Some people even asked to return to the division. Only Jiang Shang insisted on sending troops. "Why not attack Ji Zi now?" ? When you get something, you don't look at time and profit. You are not rich, but you are lucky. The grass is rotten and the bones are rotten. Anke Zhihu! "He said that the tortoise shells and thistles used for divination had no idea what was good or bad. Jiang Shang personally helped the robe and drum, and led the people to wade into the river first. King featuring finally listened to Jiang Shang's advice and moved forward in step.
In February (February 5th), Jiazi led an army to unite with Yong, Shu, Qiang, Wei, Lu, Peng and Pu. Four thousand chariots rode in Mu Ye, Chen Shi (70 miles from Shangdu Chao Ge, now south of Qixian County, Henan Province), and fought a decisive battle with Zhou Wang's170,000 troops (see the battle of Makino). At dawn, a solemn oath was taken-this is the famous "pastoral oath" in history, which was recited by Zhou Wang? Crimes of harming the people, etc., show that the purpose of cutting Zhou is to do justice for heaven, announce the requirements of tactics and discipline, and encourage soldiers to fight bravely. The king of Wu asked Shang's father to take 100 elite brave generals to "send the division"-to challenge them, and then commanded 300 chariots and 3,000 warriors, and 45,000 soldiers took advantage of the situation to attack them. Although there are many divisions, there is no fighting spirit. "The former disciples defected"-the soldiers in front turned their guns and aimed at the Shang army to make way for the prince of Wu. Seeing this, King Wu ordered the whole army to fight bravely. As a result, hundreds of thousands of troops in Shang Zhouwang collapsed on the same day. Seeing that the tide was gone, Zhou Wang fled overnight and set himself on fire in Lutai with his concubine da ji. At this point, the Shang Dynasty was declared dead.
Thanks to Jiang Shang's wise organization and command, the battle of Makino won a great victory. In the grasp of the combat opportunity, choose when Zhou Wang is lax and rebellious; In the power organization, with the call of "hanging the people and beheading the crime", the princes United with the merchants; In terms of operational command, we first launched a surprise attack from the front with personnel carriers and warriors, and then launched a storm with soldiers, which disrupted the battle of the commercial army and won the war.
After the establishment of the Zhou Dynasty, Jiang Shang was given the title of Yingqiu (now Linzi City, Linzi North) in the State of Qi. Jiang Shang went east to his fief. He stayed on the road every night and walked slowly. Someone said to him, "I heard that opportunities are rare and easy to lose." As a guest, I am afraid it is not like taking office at a roadside hotel. " Hearing this, Taigong put on his clothes at night and went straight ahead. At dawn, he arrived at the camp and happened to meet people from other countries competing with him for the camp.
After the political situation in Qi was stable, Jiang Shang began to reform its political system. He complied with local customs and simplified the red tape of the Zhou Dynasty. Vigorously develop business and let the people enjoy the benefits of fish and salt. So many people from all over the world came to Qi, and Qi became one of the rich countries at that time. In Zhou Chengwang, Guan Shu and Cai Shu rebelled, and the ethnic minorities in the Huaihe River Basin also took the opportunity to rebel (see Duke Zhou's crusade). Zhou Wang ordered Jiang Shang to say, "East to the sea, west to the Yellow River, south to Muling and north to Wudi. If you don't obey them, you have the right to conquer them. " Since then, Qi has become a big country with an increasingly vast territory, becoming one of the "five tyrants" in the Spring and Autumn Period and one of the "seven heroes" in the Warring States Period. The war was finally suppressed by Duke Ji Dan of Zhou. Shang lived over a hundred years and died, but his burial place is unknown.
According to legend, The Art of War Liu Tao was written by Jiang Shang, and the textual research of later generations is based on his works during the Warring States Period. But from the existing content, it basically reflects Jiang Shang's military practice and his military strategy. Sima Qian pointed out in Historical Records Qi Taigong Family: "The words of later generations and the yin power of the Zhou Dynasty are all based on Taigong." From this perspective, Jiang Shangshi is the originator of China's strategists.
Jiang Shang was the first strategist in ancient China, and his military strategy played an important role in the history of China War, which had a far-reaching impact on the use of troops in later generations.