Classification of Common Images in Classical Poetry (1)

(1) Mountains, flowing water, Xiongguan, the sea, great rivers and long winds.

This image is generally related to a person's lofty aspirations.

For example: a river that is gone forever, a man who has lost his life in waves and has been romantic through the ages. (Song/Su Shi's "Niannujiao Chibi Nostalgia") Castle Peak can't be covered, after all, it flows eastward. (Song/Xin Qiji's "Bodhisattva Man Shujiang West Mouth Wall") The building boat crossed Guazhou in the night snow, and the iron horse was scattered in the autumn wind. (Song/Lu You's book "Anger") You have seen how the water of the Yellow River moves out of heaven and into the ocean, never to return! One day, I will ride the wind and waves, and set my cloudy sail straight and bridge the deep, deep sea. (Tang/Li Bai "Difficult to Walk") Qinghai Changyun Dark Snow Mountain, the lonely city overlooks Yumenguan. Yellow sand wears golden armor in hundreds of battles, but the loulan is not returned. (Don/Wang Changling "Join the Army")

(2) Desert, ancient road, sunset, cold wind, cold rain, phoenix tree, cuckoo (cuckoo) plantain, etc.

This kind of images mostly express sad thoughts and lonely and melancholy feelings.

For example: the old vine is faint, the small bridge is flowing, and the old road is thin. When the sun sets, heartbroken people are at the end of the world! (Yuan/Ma Zhiyuan's "Tianjingsha") The phoenix tree in Jinjing has yellow autumn leaves, and the bead curtain does not roll frost at night. Jade pillow jade pillow looks like a withered face, lying on your back and worrying about listening to the south temple-style leaking face. (Tang/Wang Changling's "Long Xin Qiu Ci") The phoenix tree is raining and dripping at dusk. (Song/Li Qingzhao's "Sound Slow") There is the sound of autumn, a little banana and a little sorrow, dreaming of the third night. (Yuan/Xu Zaisi's "Double Narcissus Night Rain") It can be seen that the lonely hall is closed in spring and the cuckoo is sunset. (Song/Qin Guan "Walking on the Sand") Zi Gui is still crying blood in the middle of the night. I don't believe that the east wind can't call it back. (Song/Wang Ling "Send Spring")

(3) Snow, pine, chrysanthemum, plum and bamboo

Most of these images are used to express the loyalty and noble character of the soul.

For example, relatives and friends in Luoyang ask each other, and a piece of ice heart is in a jade pot. (Don/Wang Changling's "Parting with Xin Qiji at Furong Inn" should be read in Ling Hainian, and it is lonely and self-illuminated, and the liver and lungs are all ice and snow. (Song/Zhang Xiaoxiang's Niannujiao) Autumn shrubs are like Taoist priests, and the more they surround, the more inclined they are. It's not that chrysanthemums are favored among flowers, but that this flower is even more flowerless. (Tang/Yuan Zhen "Chrysanthemum") A flower suddenly changes and a hundred flowers blossom. (Song/Chen Liang, "Plum Blossom") I hope you will be careful not to be a peach and plum. (Tang/Li Bai's "Gift of Books") Life is thin, old and more rigid. I once shared the rain and dew with Artemisia selengensis, and finally sought the frost with pine and cypress. (Song/Wang Anshi "Hua Zangyuan Ben Jun Pavilion")

④ Willow, Lanzhou, Changting, Guanshan (Moon) partridge, etc.

This image is mostly used to write about the pain of parting.

Like where did you wake up from tonight? Yang Liuan, the wind is blowing and the moon is getting dark. (Song/Liu Yong's "Yulinling") Every year, the willow color, Baling died. (Tang/Li Bai's "Memories" Autumn has arrived, the grass is clear, and the partridge is far away. (Tang/Li Qunyu's "Jiuzipo Smells Partridges")

(5) Spring, breeze, bright moon, spring water, flowers and plants, etc.

Ancient poets used such images to express their leisure and elegance.

For example, when the sun sets, it is beautiful, and the flowers and plants in the spring breeze are very fragrant. Swallows are busy nesting in wet mud and sleeping in pairs on the warm beach. The moonlight in the pine forest and the crystal stone in the stream. (An Autumn Night in the Mountain by Tang/Wang Wei) At sunrise, the river is redder than the fire. In spring, the river is as green as blue. (Tang/Bai Juyi "Recalling Jiangnan")

Of course, an image sometimes has multiple meanings, and the above is just the most common one. When we analyze and appreciate poetry, we should still consider it as a whole. However, on the basis of knowing these basic meanings, it may be smoother.

Classification of Common Images in Classical Poetry (Ⅱ)

I. Animals

1, cicada a, feeling life experience, complaining about sadness: Tang Luobin Wang's "Chanting Cicada": cicadas in the west sing, and visitors in the south crown think deeply. I can't stand the shadow on my temple to break the heart of a white-haired prisoner. His flight passed through the thick fog, and his pure voice was drowned in the world of wind. Who knows if he is still singing? Who will listen to me? ?

Singing in silence, rendering his deep homesickness in prison, every sentence can find the shadow of the poet's injustice and confidence in himself.

B, painful parting, bitter travel: Liu Yong's "Lin Yuling": cold and sad, Changting in the evening, the shower began to rest.

Before describing the parting directly, an atmosphere was brewed that could touch the parting.

Tang Luyin's "Late Cicada": Hidden high willows and oblique splendor can make people feel lonely and sad about the past. I was afraid that the traveler's head was not white, and I moved the tree again and again.

Writing cicadas leads to sadness, travelers take a trip, flying cicadas follow, which seems to be a dilemma for pedestrians, and writes the poet's heavy mood of sorrow all the way.

2, Hongyan wanderers are homesick, such as Tang's "Spring Night Smells Xiao": there are endless geese in Dongting all night, not waiting for the morning to fly north.

There are also letters referred to by Hongyan.

For example, The Wild Goose Crossing Don't Answer Me, Jiang Hu Qiu Shui (To Li Bai at the End of the Day by Du Fu).

3. Rhododendron Rhododendron, also known as Du Yu and Zigui, has a sad cry, which is often related to sadness and homesickness in classical poetry.

The lonely pavilion closes the moon in Joan Hinton, and the cuckoo sounds in the setting sun.

Render the sadness of the lonely pavilion and convey the poet's sadness and homesickness.

Zhuangzi daydreaming, a saint, was bewitched by butterflies, and cuckoo crowed in the imperial spring.

Use cuckoo to express passionate thoughts.

What can you hear here in the morning and evening? The cuckoo's bleeding cry, the ape's sobbing.

Express your sadness at being demoted to Jiangzhou.

4. The voice of the partridge makes people sound like "I can't be my brother", which is very easy to evoke the association that the journey is difficult and full of parting. For example:

In the evening, the river is sad and the partridges are in the mountains (Xin Qiji's "Bodhisattva Man, Building a Wall in Jiangxi Province").

Maids-in-waiting are full of spring palace, and now there are only partridges flying (Li Bai's "Yue Gu").

Here it also acts as a symbol of the scene of decline, and its sad cry often indicates sadness and decline.

The oriole is good at singing, which is a symbol of spring.

Thousands of miles away, Ti Ying is green and red, and the water town is full of wine flags (Du Mu's Jiangnan Spring).

Du Mu wrote about the beautiful spring scenery in the south of the Yangtze River with orioles singing.

A few early warblers compete for warm trees, whose new swallow pecks at spring mud (Bai Juyi's spring outing in Qiantang).

Bai Juyi used orioles singing and swallows flying lightly to describe the coming of next spring.

Second, plants

1, willow, leaving a homonym, folding willow means leaving each other. Therefore, the ancients had the custom of breaking the willow to bid farewell, so the willow meant to leave.

Xiaoya Cai Wei, The Book of Songs: In the past, I was gone, and the willow was Yi Yi. Now that I think about it, it's raining.

Liu Yong's Yulinling: Where will I wake up tonight? Yang Liuan, the breeze is weakening.

Li Bai's Memories of Qin E: Qin Louyue, willow falls every year, and Baling is injured.

Used to express feelings of sadness and parting.

May can show her cold and disharmonious personality.

Lu You's Yongmei: Scattered into mud and ground into dust, only the fragrance remains.

Mo Mei by Wang Mian in Yuan Dynasty: Don't praise its good color, just leave the air fresh and dry.

It shows that they are unwilling to go with the flow with plum blossoms. Plum blossoms bloom cold first, and then blossom fragrant.

Plum Blossom by Chen Liang, a poet in the Song Dynasty: A flower suddenly changes first, and a hundred flowers follow the fragrance.

The poet grasped the characteristic that plum blossoms are the first to bloom, and wrote the quality of being the first in the world and not afraid of setbacks. This is not only Yongmei, but also praising himself.

3. Chrysanthemum, the flower of Ao Shuang, has a strong personality and elegant temperament.

Qu Yuan's Lisao: Drink Mulan Dew in the morning, and Qiuju will stay in England at night.

The poet symbolizes his noble character by drinking dew and eating flowers.

Tang Yuanzhen's Chrysanthemum: Autumn bushes are like Taoist priests, and the more they surround, the more inclined they are. It's not that chrysanthemums are favored among flowers, but that this flower is even more flowerless.

Expressed the poet's pursuit of firmness and noble character.

4. Lotus poems are used to express love.

For example, "Xizhou Qu" by Yuefu in the Southern Dynasties: Lotus is picked in autumn in Nantang, and the lotus is over the head; Bow your head and get lotus seeds, green as water.

Lotus seeds are from Reiko Kobayakawa, and the green is clear. There are both real and imaginary here, which means pun. The rhetorical device of homophonic pun is used to express a woman's deep yearning for the man she loves and the purity of love.

The Indus River is a symbol of desolation and sadness.

Xu Zaisi, a poet in the Yuan Dynasty, wrote "A Night Rain with Double Narcissus": a sound of leaves, a sound of autumn, a sound of plantains, a little sadness, and a dream of three nights.

Use buttonwood leaves to fall, rain to hit banana, and write down all your worries. Others are:

A leaf rustles, and empty footsteps drop to Ming (Tang Wen Ting Yun's The Leak).

Indus is drizzling until dusk, dribs and drabs (Li Qingzhao's "Slow Voice").

6. Cao Fang is a metaphor of hatred;

Li Yu's Qing Ping Le: Hate is like spring grass.

People can see the endless life without love, and the infinity of grass reflects the pervasion and recovery of love.

Metaphor with grass thinking:

There are few bosom friends, where can we find grass on earth (Zhu Dunru's "Pride of Fisherman");

The grass in the sea is growing (Su Shi's Liangzhu)

Time flies, life is short and time is precious.

Poor spring is idle, cloudy and sunny. There are even clouds in Jiangnan and Jiangbei. If you ask where to find grass (A Lost Rope by Zhu Dunru), cherishing grass means cherishing life.

Third, natural phenomena.

1, the bright moon contains homesickness.

Zhai recruited 300,000 people, and I looked back at the bright moon for a while (Tang/Li Yi's "Join the Army and Return to the North")

I can't help but feel homesick.

Looking up, I found that it was moonlight, and it sank again, suddenly thinking of home (Tang/Li Bai's Silent Night Thinking)

The abnormal sentimentality of longing for the moon.

The small building was easterly again last night, so the old country could not bear to look back at the middle of the Ming Dynasty (Southern Tang Dynasty/Li Yu's "The Mermaid")

It shows the unique pain of a monarch who has fallen into subjugation.

The bright moon is in the sky, brightening the whole of heaven (Tang/Zhang Jiuling's "Looking at the Moon and Thinking about the Distance")

Express a kind of hope and longing by the bright moon.

2. Running water can often cause people to sigh over the passage of time, long sadness and historical changes.

The river runs to the sea, and when will it return to the west? ("Yuefu Poems and Songs of Harmony")

Poets feel that time flies when they see running water;

But since the water is still flowing, even though we cut it with swords and raise our glasses to drown our sorrows (Li Bai),

Ask how much sadness you can have, just like a river flowing eastward (The Mermaid by Li Yu)

The continuous flow of water gives people helplessness;

The old country is surrounded by mountains, and the tide is lonely and empty (Liu Yuxi's Stone City)

The running water recedes silently with a chill, giving people a sense of sadness that the old country is depressed and life is bleak.

3. Sentiment at dusk and sunset:

Li Qingzhao's "Slow Whispering" is even more drizzly and dripping at dusk. This time, what a sad sentence. The evening is so cold and cheerless that poets are naturally lonely and sad. Sadness of the past: the afterglow of the west wind, the tomb of the Han family. (Li Bai's "Recalling Qin E")

4. The drizzle and smoke support the poet's boundless sadness and depressed mood.

Flying flowers are as light as dreams, and the drizzle is as fine as sorrow (Song/Qin Guan's "Huanxisha")

The rain in Mao Mao is worrying.

But I look to my hometown, and the twilight is getting thicker, and there is a sad mist on the river waves (Tang/Yellow Crane Tower)

I can't go home, or I'm wandering outside, and I don't know where my home is. The rising smoke makes people feel a lot of sadness.

Fourth, seasonal festivals.

1, Mid-Autumn Festival, August 15, is a festival for the whole family to enjoy the moon, so most people miss their loved ones on this day.

Tang's "Looking at the Bright Moon at Fifteen Nights"/Wang Jian: Tonight, people in white look forward to the bright moon. I wonder whose house Qiu Si will stay in.

On the ninth day of September, the ancients took nine as yang. On the Double Ninth Festival, the ancients had the custom of climbing and drinking.

Du Fu's "Nine Days": Chongyang drank a glass of wine alone and went to the riverside to take the stage when he was ill.

3. The day before in Tomb-Sweeping Day, the fire was banned for three days at the Cold Food Festival, and smoking was banned in every household, which was related to cold and depression.

Fire and cold are forbidden in the rain, and warblers sit alone on the river and listen. (Tang/Wei, "Send Cold Food to Brothers")

4. The name of Qingming Spring Festival is also a day to worship ancestors and sweep graves. Du Mu's Qingming Festival: It rains a lot during the Qingming Festival, and pedestrians on the road want to break their souls.

5. Vegetation contrasts desolation with vegetation prosperity to express ups and downs.

Ten miles after the spring breeze, the wheat is green. (Jiang Kui, Yangzhou Slow)

The steps are dotted with green grass in spring, and birds are chirping happily under the leaves. (Du Fu's "Shu Xiang")

There are some weeds blooming by the Suzaku Bridge, and there is only sunset at the corner of Wuyi Lane. (Liu Yuxi's Wuyi Lane).

V. Specific location category

1, Changting Changting is an image containing feelings of parting.

Li Bai's Bodhisattva Man: Where to return, the pavilion is shorter.

Write a sad scene where people stay to see the low pavilion and no one comes back.

Wang Shifu's "The West Chamber": Seeing the Shili Pavilion from a distance, the jade muscle is completely lost. Who knows this?

It is also the sadness of parting.

2. Nanpu Nanpu is more common in the farewell poems of the South-to-North Water Diversion Project, and is immersed in parting feelings without resentment.

There is a famous sentence in Qu Yuan's "Nine Songs" that sends beautiful women to Xi 'nan Pu.

Fan Chengda's "Heng Tang": Nanpu spring comes to a blue river, and the stone bridge and the tower are still two.

Nanshan Nanshan represents a secluded place.

Tao Yuanming's Return to the Garden: beans are planted at the foot of Nanshan Mountain, and the grass is full of bean seedlings.

Tao Yuanming's "Drinking": Under the hedge of picking chrysanthemums, you can see Nanshan leisurely.