Where is the Zengjia ancient building complex?
Zeng Ancient Architecture Complex (including Zeng Zaigong Temple, Zeng Yungong Temple, Lieutenant General Hall, Friendship Hall and Moon Watching Platform)
I. Geographical location
The Zengjia Qing Dynasty architectural complex in Wuyigang is located in the Zengjia village group in Erkou village, Erkou township, guixi city, in the middle reaches of Luxi River, which borders Longhu Mountain in Shangqing and Tianshifu, a national scenic tourist area. Convenient transportation, railways include Xiaying Line and Shenhu Railway Station; There is a road from yingtan to Lengshui to Zixi, and the pavement has been hardened by cement; Waterway has Luxi River direct access to Tianshifu and Longhu Mountain. The building is surrounded by mountains and rivers, with lush trees, unique design, beautiful environment and exquisite materials.
II. Scope areas
Wuyi Port complex was built in Qingganlong for three to fifty years (AD 1765- 1785), with a history of more than 200 years. The layout of the whole building is in the shape of a "pin", which is divided into four parts: Zeng's ancestral hall, fish pond garden, Confucian classics academy and residence, with a total area of 64,000 square meters, and there were 428 people in 84 households in that year.
Third, historical evolution.
The Zeng family in Wuyi Port originated in Xiyuanzhai, Wu Shan, 40 miles south of Jiaxiang County, Jinan. During the Warring States Period, it moved south to Xiangxiang, Hunan, and then moved to ji yang, Jiangxi (now Ji 'an). After that, he moved from Ji 'an to Wuyigang Village, about 60 kilometers south of Guixi County. Now it is the home of Zeng's family in Erkou Village, Erkou Township, later known as Wucheng Zeng's family, also known as Zongsheng.
The word school is a unified word school with the four surnames of Confucius, Mencius and Zeng Yan as the core, which was written and sealed by the emperor himself.
In the three years of Tongzhi, Emperor Renzong gave fifteen schools of words: macro, smell, chastity, fashion, beauty, prosperity, depression, communication, self-esteem, breadth, Zhao, xian, Qing, fan and Xiang. Xuanzong in Daoguang period of Qing Dynasty continued to give a cross school: life, virtue, dimension, suspension, happiness, Qin, less, thinking, manifestation and promotion.
In the first year of the Republic of China, Yuan Shikai, President of People's Republic of China (PRC), continued to give ideas to twenty schools: Jian, Tao, Dun, An, Ding, Mao, Xiu, Zhao, Yi, Chang, Yu, Wen, Huan, Jin, Rui, Yong, Shi, Xu and Chang.
Wuyi Port was originally named Wuni Port. By the second ancestor of Zeng, it followed the old adage of "benevolence, righteousness and morality" and hoped that future generations would be "benevolent". Wuyi Port was renamed as Wuyi Port because Wuyi and Wuni are homophonic.
The Zeng family of Wuyigang is a descendant of Ceng Gong, one of the "Eight Masters of Tang and Song Dynasties" in the Northern Song Dynasty. In the same strain as Zeng Guopan, it turned out to be Li and Deng. According to legend, during the Yongzheng period of the Qing Dynasty, Zeng Baishi, Zeng Yunshi and Zeng's father, three brothers in Ji 'an, Jiangxi, fled to Wuni Port and worked as long-term workers in Li and Deng's home to help them herd cattle. Once, Zeng Yunshi fell asleep herding cattle on the flower-shaped mountain behind Deng's house, dreaming that his sleeping place was a treasure trove of geomantic omen. After Zeng Yunshi died, later generations buried him in his final resting place according to his dream. Indeed, Zeng's descendants began to multiply. However, the original Deng surname and Li surname are declining. Now Zeng Yunshi's grave is still there.
Four. Description of protected area resources
There were three public words in Zeng's Gong Ci, namely Zeng Xian Gong Ci, Yun Shi Gong Ci and Zeng Zai Gong Ci. Zengxian Ancestral Hall was built in Qianlong for twenty years. It was built by the first generation of Zeng family and destroyed in 1958. Marble Temple was built in Qianlong for forty years and was built by the second generation of Zeng. Now it's a house. Zeng's Ancestral Hall, once well preserved, was built by the third generation of Zeng in the fifty years of Qianlong (1785). It is said that it was built by a rich woman in memory of her husband who just died. The temple is 44 meters long from north to south, 26 meters wide from east to west and 8 meters high, with a building area of 1 144 square meters. The ground supports 100 wooden pillars and two bluestones with a length of 8 meters and a diameter of 0.5 meters. The temple is divided into five parts: stage, restaurant, viewing hall, shrine and teahouse. There are many beams in the building. Among them, ink painting is a dragon, puffing clouds and puffing fog, soaring. The whole building is simple and elegant, with local characteristics. According to clan regulations, every year in Tomb-Sweeping Day and during the winter solstice, the clan leaders will gather the whole village to slaughter pigs and sheep, hold a large banquet, and then offer sacrifices to their ancestors. Sometimes a troupe is invited to sing here to show the rich style of the clan. There is also a stone carving couplet hanging in front of the temple, "Yishui is full of frost and dew, and the spring breeze is fragrant all over the Buddha and algae", and the font is powerful. The building of the temple is brick-wood structure, and the building structure is beam structure. The surrounding external wall passes through the ridge, and the rainwater on the roof is discharged from the house through the patio.
The "Fish Pond Garden" was built in the light years of the Qing Dynasty (182 1- 1850), with a length of 200m and a width of 60m, covering an area of12000m2, and was later destroyed in 1973. Lotus is planted in the fish pond to raise fish, flowers and trees are widely planted in the garden, and there is also a flower viewing pavilion. It is an ideal place to rest, with winding paths and fragrant flowers. At that time, it was managed by a special person, and its expenses were paid by Yitian.
The Institute was built in Daoguang period, with a length of 140m and a width of 36m, covering an area of 5040m2. Four osmanthus trees and two cypress trees were planted in front of the yard. It was later destroyed by 1958. It is the place where Zeng's children study. The patriarch hires teachers to teach here, and the children can enter school for free, and the funds are paid from Yitian. Zeng Xiaonan, the first scholar of Guangxu, Zeng Guangxun, the first graduate of Baoding Military Academy, Lieutenant General Zeng Xianyao and many other well-known doctors and teachers started their careers in the academy. The college was once famous for its students and books.
"Residence" is the main body of the building complex. When it was first built, there were 42 5 10 rooms, and later it developed to 68 7 12 rooms, covering an area of 438 16 square meters. Residential buildings are built by mountains and water, and they are stacked on top of each other. Divided into four rows, the exterior is surrounded by walls according to the mountain, giving people an overall impression of the villa. The gate of the villa faces south, and the road in front of it is paved with granite slabs and runs horizontally along the outside of the villa. In line with the folk tradition of "welcoming Japan". Before the gate, the stone steps turn 90 degrees, facing the gate, and there is a platform 6 meters square. The gate is shaped like a figure of eight to the southeast, and there are three granite flagpoles with a foot diameter of 1 m on both sides. The stone piers are arranged in a pin shape, and there are six more steps on the platform, which is the gate of the villa. The gate is the younger brother of Wang Fu style, and the gatehouse building has been destroyed. There is a 90-degree right-angled semicircle open space in the gate, which is the gatehouse of a residential courtyard. There is an aisle about 1.5 meters wide in front of the gatehouse, which leads to the second, third and fourth rows of houses, and each residential yard has a gatehouse. The fence in front of the hospital is 3.5m high and 0.4m thick. The foundation is granite, with 0.2-meter granite strips at the foot and brick walls above. There is also a front aisle surrounded by granite railings. The open stope in front of each house is 5-6 meters deep. The general residential format is six rooms, three rooms and seven rooms, with an area of 500-800 square meters. The small courtyard of each house is surrounded by brick walls all the way to the top to prevent fire, and the brick corners are made of granite to prevent collision. There is a front hall in the house, bedrooms on both sides, connected by patios, a central hall behind the patios, and two small patios behind the central hall. There are bedrooms on both sides of the middle hall and the back hall, and there is an aisle next to the patio to connect the kitchen, woodshed and cowshed. Underground ditches are built every day to drain rainwater from the roof. The walls on both sides of the back hall, middle hall and front hall are all boards. The specifications of the windows on both sides of the front door of the lobby are 1.5m× 1.25m, and the front window of the room is slightly larger. Window facilities are divided into inner, middle and outer layers. The outer layer is woven into a grid with thin strips and covered outside the window to drive away mosquitoes and flies. The middle layer is a window lattice with a pattern of happiness and longevity, and the frame is covered with another one. For residential buildings, 1 foot 6 inches, 1 foot 7 inches and 1 foot 8 inches. The roof is boarded up to prevent rain and snow. The ground of the main hall is also paved with granite slabs with flowers carved on them, as well as mud paved with lime, yellow mud, salty salt, tung oil and rice slurry. The size of the room is 1.2 ×0.85 ×0.8, with a wooden floor above and a floor below, which is about 1 ft higher than the floor in the hall. The patio is surrounded by granite slabs, with underground ditches for drainage, and cobblestones in the middle to form various patterns, with fine and beautiful composition.
Due to the careful planning before the building, the complex has not only formed elegant high-rise pavilions, Wang Fu-style progressive halls, but also formed a spacious bungalow with two halls juxtaposed, seeking common ground while reserving differences. In terms of construction technology, the main features are: there are super ridges all around, and the houses are not connected, but the small doors are wide open and free to enter and exit, which is of great benefit to prevent the fire from spreading. According to the villagers' memories, several fires in ancient dwellings can only burn the fire point and cannot cause harm to other houses. In the overall layout of the ancient villa, there are four or five small residential courtyards as a small group, which is also conducive to fire prevention. In the overall layout, the architectural style gives people a sense of beauty, forming a trapezoidal progressive layout in the southeast direction, which is not only convenient for indoor lighting, but also in line with the national tradition of "purple gas coming from the east".
In terms of architectural skills, we pay attention to craft carving, indoor beams and columns are decorated with patterns and patterns, and there is a gatehouse on the door of the small house. The gatehouse is made of wood and masonry with exquisite workmanship. The name is thirteen roofs with nine floors. The interior layout of the house is also quite reasonable. The miscellaneous room is isolated from the main room, and the door enters and exits, which is convenient to keep clean and hygienic. There are flower beds in front of the courtyard, and flowers and trees such as pine and cypress are planted behind the courtyard, which beautify and green the environment.
Due to the rigorous architectural structure, although the ancient house has been weathered many times, it has never collapsed naturally, which shows the superb skills of skilled craftsmen in architectural skills.
Verb (abbreviation of verb) human landscape
1. Flower-shaped Mountain: also known as "Zuoma-shaped Mountain", located behind Zengjiawu. It looks like a woman sitting here, and its shape is lifelike. Now Zeng Yunshi's tomb is buried in that woman's navel, and there is a 300-year-old Gu Song on the mountain.
2, the flagpole stone pier that future generations strive for. * * * A total of five pairs, of which Xiao Nan paid tribute during the Daoguang period, and the handwriting was clear.
3. Stone carving couplets. At present, there are two clearly written couplets. One was once on the temple gate, the upper part: "Yishui is full of frost and dew", and the lower part: "Spring breeze blows algae duckweed", with vigorous and powerful fonts.
Another couplet is on the first flag gate. The first part: "A flowing stream", the second part: "Four Walls Castle Peak Luo Guarantee" and the horizontal part: "Including Hongguangda".
4. Word tablet: There are two well-preserved tablets, one is a gold tablet painted with "Ba Yuan", the other is a nave tablet once in the temple, and the other is a gold tablet painted with "Zhong Nvtang".
5. Historical figures
Zeng Xiaonan, Daoguang Bagong, Jiujiang Navy officer, retired to his hometown at the age of 60. He died at the age of 6/kloc-0 and was buried in Lengshui, Ma Peng. Later, due to the development of silver mine, he was moved to Zufen Mountain.
Zeng Guangxun graduated from Baoding Military Academy in the first phase.
Zeng Wanyao,No.-Lieutenant General, was born in Taiwan Province Province today.
Zeng Zeqiang, a sophomore in Huangpu.
Zeng Zhaozong, a 0/6-year-old student from Huangpu/KLOC.
Source of information: Yingtan Municipal People's Government
Erkou Village: Erkou Village