How did people determine their orientation when sailing in ancient times?
Compass.
A compass is a compass, more precise and accurate.
1. The structure of a compass
A compass is also called a compass. It is the main tool for Feng Shui masters to read Feng Shui. The picture on the left is a 29-story comprehensive project produced in Hong Kong.
The compass consists of three parts:
1. Tianchi: also called the seabed, which is the compass. The Tianchi of the compass is composed of a thimble, a magnetic needle, a seabed line, a cylindrical outer box, and a glass cover, which is fixed in the center of the inner disk. There is a pointed thimble in the center of the bottom of the round box. There is a concave hole in the center of the bottom of the magnetic needle. The magnetic needle is placed on the thimble. The arrow-headed end of the compass points south, and the other end points north.
There is a red line drawn on the bottom of Tianchi (the seabed), called the seabed line. There are two red dots on both sides of the northern end. When using it, the north end of the magnetic needle should coincide with the seabed line.
Modern compasses have cross lines drawn on the sea floor, and the tops of the cross lines are printed with southeast, northwest, respectively. When used, the north end of the magnetic needle should point to the north end of the cross line on the sea floor, and the magnetic needle should coincide with the north-south lines on the sea floor.
2. Inner disk: It is the rotating disk immediately outside the compass. There are many concentric circles printed on the inner disk, and each circle is called a layer. Each layer is divided into different equal parts, some layers have more grids, some have fewer grids, the smallest layer is only divided into eight grids, and the layer with the most grids has 384 grids. Different characters are printed on each grid. There are many types of compasses, some with many layers and some with few. The most has fifty-two layers and the least has only five.
The various contents of the compass are engraved on different circles (layers) of the inner disk, which are the main components of the compass. Each school of Feng Shui has included its main content on the compass, making the Chinese compass a large encyclopedia of Chinese magic.
3. Outer Disk
The outer disk is square and is the tray of the inner disk. There is a small hole at the midpoint of each of the four sides. The red line is inserted into it to form the Tianxin Ten Dao, which is used to read the surface of the inner disk. content on. The ten paths of Tianxin are required to be perpendicular to each other. The new compass you just bought must be calibrated before use.
The compass is a basic tool for measuring the magnetic azimuth angle of the earth's surface. It is widely used in various fields such as military, navigation, surveying and mapping, forestry, exploration, and construction.
The compass is actually a tool used to measure the ground orientation using the compass positioning principle. The compass is used in Feng Shui to remove sand, collect water and determine the direction of the building.
2. A brief history of the evolution of the compass
Before the invention of the compass, the ancients used the stars in the sky to determine the direction. They determined the direction by observing the North Star at night and the sun's shadow during the day. Very early on, our ancestors invented the compass and the sun guide to determine the location of the earth. Rigui is the earliest compass.
Before the invention of the compass, it was impossible to divide the geographical position very finely. Directions and orientations can only be described using the eight broad directions of north, northeast, east, southeast, south, southwest, west, and northwest. In Feng Shui, they are represented by the Eight Trigrams: Kan Gua represents the north, Gen Gua represents the northeast, Zhen Gua represents the east, Xun Gua represents the southeast, Li Gua represents the south, Kun Gua represents the southwest, Dui Gua represents the west, and Qian Gua represents the northwest. square.
Rigui positioning divides the ground plane into twelve equal parts, using the twelve earthly branches: Zi, Chou, Yin, Mao, Chen, Si, Wu, Wei, Shen, You, Xu, Hai comes to indicate the direction.
With the development of the processing industry, the magnetic needle has changed from the original key shape to the needle shape, and from the water-floating magnetic needle to the thimble, which has caused a qualitative change in the measurement accuracy of the compass. In the Tang Dynasty, Yang Junsong combined the two major positioning systems of the Bagua and the Twelve Earthly Branches into one, and added the ten heavenly stems A, B, B, D, Wu, Ji, Geng, Xin, Ren and Gui to indicate the position of the middle palace. Except for Wu and Ji, all of them are added to the earth direction system to express the direction. Therefore, the three hundred and sixty degrees around the ground and sky are divided into twenty-four equal parts, called twenty-four mountains, each mountain occupies 15 degrees. Three mountains constitute one hexagram, and each hexagram occupies 45 degrees. The Twenty-Four Mountains were created in the Tang Dynasty and have been preserved until now. Therefore, the twenty-four mountains of the territory are one of the main levels of Yang Pan.
The three mountains in the north, Ren, Zi, and Gui, belong to Kan Gua the day after tomorrow, and Kun Gua innately; the three mountains in the northeast, Chou, Gen, and Yin, belong to Gen Gua the day after tomorrow, and the Zhen Gua innately;
The three mountains in the east belong to Jia, Mao, and Yi , the day after tomorrow belongs to Zhen Gua, and the day after tomorrow belongs to Li Gua; the three mountains in the southeast are Chen, Xun, and Si, the day after tomorrow belongs to Xun Gua, and the day after tomorrow belongs to Dui Gua;
The three mountains in the south, Bing, Wu, and Ding, the day after tomorrow belong to Li Gua, and the day after tomorrow belongs to Li Gua. Belongs to the Qian Gua; the three mountains in the southwest, Wei, Kun, and Shen, belong to the Kun Gua the day after tomorrow, and the Xun Gua innately;
The three mountains in the west, Geng, You, and Xin, belong to the Dui Gua the day after tomorrow, and the Kan Gua innately; the three mountains in the northwest belong to Xu. , Qian and Hai, the day after tomorrow belongs to Qian Gua, and the innate belongs to Gen Gua.
3. Which levels on the compass belong to Yang Pan?
As the founder of Feng Shui in southern Gansu Province, Yang Gong not only created a complete Feng Shui theory, but also rationally transformed the compass, a tool used in Feng Shui.
The twenty-four mountain disks of the territory were created by Yang Gong. Before Yang Gong, there was no complete twenty-four mountain disks, only the Bagua disk and the twelve earthly branch disks. The compass of the Han Dynasty also had the marks of Bagua, Earthly Branches and Heavenly Stems, but instead of dividing the degrees equally, the Heavenly Stems, Bagua and twelve Earthly Branches were divided into three layers, and the degrees they occupied were inconsistent. Yang Gong rearranged it and completely distributed the Bagua, Heavenly Stems and Earthly Branches in the plane orientation, which was an epoch-making creation.
The astrolabe on the twenty-four mountains of the land, that is, the seventy-two dragon disk, was created by Yang Gong in his later years. Through long-term Kanyu practice, Yang Gong discovered that the Yin-Yang and Five Elements are commonly found in all directions. The distribution of Yin-Yang and Five Elements is determined based on the Bagua and Five-Element attributes, which is inconsistent with the actual situation. Using the Yin-Yang Dragon to divide dragons is too rough. After repeated research, it is determined by the twelve lands. Tiangan uses the five elements of Nayin to express the five elements of the dragon, which is called the "inverted" five elements. In "Qingnang Ao Yu", "Upside down, there are jewels on the twenty-four mountains; Upside down, there are fire pits on the twenty-four mountains". The "upside down" refers to the five elements of Nayin of the seventy-two dragons.
Han Dynasty Compass
The Heavenly Pan was also created by Yang Gong. In practice in Kanyu, Yang Gong found that there was a big error in using the land to collect water. According to the principle of left-hand rotation in heaven and right-hand rotation in earth, he created the double mountain in the sky to absorb sand and collect water. In the compass, only the sky disk has double mountains, and the other compasses do not have double mountains. The ancients believed that the dragon came from the sky, belonged to the heaven system, and was Yang. Water flows in the earth, belongs to the earth system, and is yin. Due to the displacement effect caused by the relative movement of left and right rotations of heaven and earth, the sky disk used to receive water should move to the right, so Yang Gong rotated it to the right in the direction of the site by 7.5°.
The five elements of Shuangshan are the three combined five elements. Renzi in Tianpan is in the same palace, Guichou is in the same palace, Genyin is in the same palace, Jiamao is in the same palace, Yichen is in the same palace, Xunsi is in the same palace, and Bingwu is in the same palace. , Ding Wei is in the same palace, Kunshen is in the same palace, Gengyou is in the same palace, Xinxu is in the same palace, Qianhai is in the same palace. The center of the twin mountains faces the center of the twelve earthly branches of the territory. The twelve earthly branches are based on the three combined bureaus of Shengwang Tomb, namely the three combined water bureaus of Shen Zichen, the three combined fire bureaus of Yinwuxu, the three combined alloy bureaus of Siyouchou, and the three combined wood bureaus of Haimaowei. Chenxu Chouwei is the tomb of water, fire, metal and wood respectively. It is an important place for dragon water and yin and yang to have sex, and is called the four major water mouths.
Therefore, the earth pan, sky pan and seventy-two dragon pans together are commonly known as "Yang Pan".
Later in the Song Dynasty, Lai Buyi introduced the twenty-eight stars and five elements, and added a human tray, which was specially used to eliminate sand and bring out evil spirits. The twenty-four mountains on the human disk are rotated 7.5 degrees counterclockwise than the twenty-four mountains on the land disk.
Renpan is also called "Laipan".
Answer: Ge Lingyang - Senior Magician Level 7 5-31 11:13