Does anyone know the website about Yunnan Customs?
80% of the Bai compatriots in Yunnan live in Erhai area. Bai nationality is one of the ethnic minorities with a long history and developed culture in China. Their house has distinctive national characteristics. Bai costumes, Bai gatehouse, "Around the Three Souls", Guanyin Festival (March Street), Dali Yutanhui, Bai Torch Festival, Erhai Dragon Boat, Hot Water and Green Bath … all these are the crystallization of wisdom and artistic talent of people of all ethnic groups in Erhai Lake area.
Every year in the third month of the lunar calendar, in the west of Dali, at the foot of Cangshan Mountain, the "March Street" gala will be held. By then, people of all ethnic groups in Fiona Fang, hundreds of miles away, are willing to come here to participate in material exchange and cultural and sports activities.
Bai (ba)
Bai people who call themselves "Bai Zi" and "Baini" are also called "Lemo" and "Nama". Bai nationality has a splendid civilization and has been a member of the Chinese nation since ancient times. As early as more than 4,000 years ago, Bai ancestors lived and multiplied in Dali area with Cangshan Erhai Lake as the center, and created rice farming culture on the lakeside platform by the river. From the late Shang Dynasty to the Western Han Dynasty, a splendid bronze culture of Erhai Lake was created, which is still admired by the world. During the development of thousands of years, the Bai nationality has formed its own unique national culture, especially influenced by the Han culture. Bai language has absorbed a large number of ancient Chinese words. Besides our own national festivals, such as March Street, there are other national festivals, such as Tomb-Sweeping Day, Dragon Boat Festival and Torch Festival. Most of the Bai villages are located in lakeside, riverside and Pingba with convenient transportation, and each village basically maintains a certain pattern. The courtyard retains the architectural form of "three sides and one wall" and "four entrances and five patios" of the civil structure. Bai people have their own costumes. Men usually have a white head, a white tunic suit on their upper body, a black collar and jacket, and blue trousers on their lower body. Girls in Dali wear embroidered headdresses, white shirts, red collars, embroidered waists, white trousers and rusty shoes. Bai nationality is a nation that can sing and dance well. They always like to express their feelings with songs and express their joys and sorrows with dances. In addition, the Bai people in history were deeply influenced by Buddhism and Taoism. During Nanzhao and Dali, the Bai people believed in Buddhism and three treasures. Up to now, the Bai people believe in Buddhism and Taoism and worship the Lord. Bai people's handicrafts such as embroidery, tie-dyeing, stone carving and wood carving are well received by domestic and foreign guests, and their famous foods with different flavors are coveted by Chinese and foreign tourists. The Bai people are such a great people, who have created their own glorious history with diligence and kindness.
Baisancha
Sancha, a well-known Bai nationality at home and abroad, became a kind of etiquette for the White House to entertain guests and make friends with its unique bitter, sweet and memorable tea ceremony as early as the Ming Dynasty. The first course of tea is called "Bitter Tea", which is made by the owner of Tuocha, a specialty of Dali, in a small pottery pot on the perennial fire pit of the Bai people's guild hall, until it is yellow but not burnt, and then poured into boiling water when the aroma is diffuse. This tea is better, with rich aroma and pleasant fragrance. Because Bai people pay attention to "wine is full of respect, tea is full of deceit?" What a badger! Grapefruit waving "radon" Grey ape? Kangmo? Pregnant? Finn? What's the matter with you? ぁ5? Hey, Scar, Chen Bao? What are you afraid of? ◶⒑⒑ ⒑ ⒑ ⒑ ⒑ ⒑ ⒑ ⒑ ⒑? Condylar process? What is this? What are you grabbing? What is the type of case? Spectrum? Umbrella 4 said, what's the matter? Barren? Appearance? What happened? What happened to your leg? What is the reason? ⒐ の? Condylar process? Pan 'an meteorite cellar ┚v tea "is fried. This tea is sweet and spicy, and it has an endless aftertaste. Because cinnamon is spicy, it is homophonic with "pro" among Bai people, while Jiang is pronounced "red" in Bai language, which means "rich", so this kind of tea expresses the incomparable intimacy between the host and the guests and the host's blessing to the guests: congratulations on making a fortune, great wealth and great wealth. Nowadays, after the excavation, arrangement, planning and advocacy of ethnic cultural workers, "three teas" have been widely used in Dali's tourism and foreign affairs activities, forming an organized "three teas", where guests can not only taste authentic "three teas", but also watch ethnic songs and dances, costume performances and appreciate Bai tea culture while drinking.
White wedding
Bai people's marriage is monogamous, and they can intermarry with other ethnic groups and have a small family system. Children are separated after marriage, and parents often live with homeless people. Men recruited in Bai areas have to change their names and surnames to inherit, and women generally control the family economy. Men and women can freely know their girlfriends through contacts or festivals, and they can also freely fall in love. However, parents should hire a matchmaker, choose an auspicious day after the word "eight" is matched, and have a "chicken wine ceremony". The so-called engagement means that the man gives the woman a bottle of wine, a rooster and some gifts, and the woman invites the man to drink three cups of tea and have a meal. Bai wedding is very grand, with three days as the standard: "stepping on the shed", "celebrating the day" and "individual guests". The day before yesterday, we stepped on the shed, slaughtered pigs and sheep during the day, and sent clothes boxes to the woman before the ceremony. In the evening, folk artists sing "Blowing Tune" and "Big Ben" in the shed, which is called "Bench Play". The next day is "Happy Day". The groom greeted the bride with a sedan chair. The bride should cry goodbye to her parents, brothers and sisters and accompany her all the way. At the south gate, the groom will carry the bride into the bridal chamber. Then, under the guidance of the master of ceremonies, the bride and the boy perform gifts, worship heaven and earth, parents and husband and wife in the lobby, and immediately enter the bridal chamber to compete for the bedside, which means preconceived ideas. Just like this day, staying up late during the day to accompany Suona, Chuiqiang and Big Ben is very lively. The guests are full and like to eat eight bowls of wine. On the third day, the bride personally cooks fish dishes to entertain relatives and friends, which is called a "fish feast". The bride didn't come back until three days after the wedding. On the seventh day, the bride and groom went to the main temple to pay homage, calling it "Ode to the Son of Peace", which means to have your son early. Hey? /font & gt；
Bai folk houses
The architectural culture of Bai folk houses in Dali is a local culture that has been developing continuously in life and production practice after thousands of years of history. It is the main building of architectural culture in Dali area and has a strong national style. Most of the grinding sites of Bai folk houses are near the mountains and rivers. "Three squares and one wall" is the main layout form of Bai folk houses, and "Four Five Patios" is the typical layout of Bai folk houses. The beautifully decorated gatehouse, exquisite and gorgeous zhaobi and beautifully shaped houses are organically combined, and the flowers and trees in the courtyard are used as a foil, so that "three squares and one zhaobi" and "four entrances and five patios" are like works of art, and Bai folk houses have their own characteristics in wood color and decoration. Besides ordinary wood, they also use many stones to make plates. And some customs and rules have been formed in the building. The gatehouse is shaped like a temple, with cornices and horns, and then made of clay. Wood carving, color painting, marble screen, convex tile and blue brick are combined into colorful three-dimensional patterns. The overall style is magnificent, simple and elegant, and fascinating.
White clothing
China is a multi-ethnic country with 56 nationalities and 56 flowers. Bai people look more like flowers in Bai costumes. Bai people usually use pure cotton, white cotton and linen blended fabrics to make tie-dyed fabrics, and silk fabrics to make clothes, shoes and hats, handkerchiefs, baotou and so on. These fabrics are soft and breathable, and they have the health care functions of sweat absorption, anti-inflammation, sterilization and skin care. Men's clothing is almost the same everywhere, usually with a white head, white double-breasted clothes, black collar and coat, and blue-black pants below. Sometimes I bring a cloth bag and a long knife. Women's wear and children's wear vary greatly from place to place. Dali Bai girls wear embroidered headdresses, and the four main parts of the embroidered headdresses also represent Shangguan Flower, Xiaguanfeng, Erhai Moon and Cangshan Snow respectively. Wearing a white shirt, red collar, embroidered waist, white trousers and embroidered shoes. Bright and generous colors fully reflect the enthusiasm, cheerful personality and white and tender skin of Bai girls.
Bai people's song and dance
Dali is a world of songs and a sea of dances, especially in villages inhabited by ethnic minorities. Men, women and children can sing and dance. As the saying goes, without songs or dances, life will lose interest and luster. Dali's songs and dances originated in Shang Dynasty or Warring States Period. Bai Juyi once witnessed the performance of the bronze drum, and vividly wrote the poem "The jade snail blows the ridge and the bronze drum hits the tattoo a thousand times". In 238 AD, Tang Zeng brought "Qiuci Music" and "Hubu Music" and musicians from the northwest to Nanzhao, which played a positive role in enriching and developing the culture and art in this area. Music from Myanmar (Guo Si), which is adjacent to Nanzhao, also flowed into Nanzhao's art lake and sea in the Tang Dynasty. This is a typical example of the complementary integration of Nanzhao and Central Plains cultures in history. The long-standing river of art makes Erhai enjoy the reputation of the hometown of singing and dancing. The large-scale combination song and dance "Around the Three Souls", which has been passed down to this day, integrates poetry, music and dance, and has become the main activity of the Bai Carnival. Dali Bai folk tune is not only a spring ploughing song in the planting season, but also a fisherman's fishing song, or a woodcutter's or shepherd's folk song, which is mainly manifested in agricultural folk activities such as Jianchuan Shi Baoshan Song Festival, Dali's "Sea Fighting", "Transplanting", Eryuan's "Tianjiale" and "Spring King's First Month". In Yangbi County in the west, Yi people dance, Yongping Hui people dance with sticks, Miao people step on Huashan Mountain, Yunlong Yi people hang seven, Weishan and Nanjian Yi people sing in the south, Binchuan Yi people dance and have lanterns in the east, Xiangyun and Midu counties.
Women of all ethnic groups in Yunnan have the tradition of picking flowers and embroidering. They often show their intelligence and embroidery skills through embroidered shoes. Embroidered shoes are not only used to beautify life, but also used in interpersonal etiquette activities. For example, a Bai girl in Dali embroidered dozens of pairs of embroidered shoes as a meeting gift for relatives and friends on the wedding day: for her parents-in-law, she gave her red shoes embroidered with the words longevity, and for unmarried sisters, she gave them shoes embroidered with camellia and peony to wish them a husband ... The heels of Yunnan folk embroidered shoes are often higher than the uppers by a piece of cloth.
Tokyo music
Dongjing ancient music is a kind of ancient music in China, which integrates Taoism, Tang and Song music, Nanzhao Dali Palace music, Qiuci music, Buddhist music, Confucian music, Jiangnan silk and bamboo music, North and South music and a variety of folk music. It not only has a long history and a wide range of sources, but also completely preserves the original expressions of various ancient music, and is a "living fossil" of ancient music in China. The real birthplace of Dongjing ancient music is Dali. The original classical music of Dongjing originated from the late Yuan Dynasty and the early Ming Dynasty, and its specific birthplace was the Jade Emperor Pavilion (now Zhonghe Temple), a famous Taoist temple in Zhonghefeng, Cangshan. The earliest time was from Dade to Danian (AD 1297 to 13 1). In other words, Dali is not only the original birthplace of Dongjing ancient music, but also has a history of more than 700 years. Tokyo ancient music is rich in content, unique in musical style, beautiful and simple in music, including elegant Taoist music, elegant court music, beautiful Jiangnan silk and bamboo, rich Confucian music and the charm of many nationalities. It is a masterpiece of ancient Chinese music with high artistic taste and appreciation value. Dali is the birthplace of Dongjing ancient music, the hometown of Dongjing ancient music, and an excellent national cultural heritage of Dali.
march street
March Street, also known as Guanyin Festival. According to legend, during the reign of Tang Yonghui, Guanyin Bodhisattva came to Dali to give lectures in white, and the audience gathered more and more, forming a market. Later, because Dali was an important trade port on the Southern Silk Road connecting the Central Plains and Southeast Asian countries, the commodity economy developed day by day and gradually evolved into a commercial gathering with strong ethnic colors. Every year from March 15 to March 2 1 in the lunar calendar, all ethnic minorities in western Yunnan come to Zhongfeng in Cangshan to trade livestock, medicinal materials and other local products. People from inside and outside the province came to participate, which was grand in scale and well-known at home and abroad. According to the "Dali County Records", "At its peak, the business of department stores was quite large. There are nearly 100,000 businessmen from Sichuan, Jiangxi, Guangdong, Zhejiang, Guangxi, Guizhou, Tibet, Thailand, Myanmar and other counties in this province. Their commodities include mules, horses, medicinal materials, tea markets, silk floss, wood, magnetism, bronze and tin. Since 199 1, March Street has been designated as a national festival in Dali Bai Autonomous Prefecture. People of all ethnic groups exchange materials, hold cultural and sports activities and celebrate together. During the street period, crowds surged, and the costumes of all ethnic groups competed for each other. On the racecourse, riders of all ethnic groups compete for beauty; In the music world, I danced and sang to my heart's content, one after another; The folk songs and dances of people of all ethnic groups are dizzying and very lively. After the above-mentioned trade combination, the commercial city has a large transaction volume and has become the main economic and trade fair in Dali.
Major Folk Activities and National Festivals in Dali
name
Date (lunar calendar)
location
Chaojishan
65438+1 early October1to 15
Binchuan Jizushan
Ge genhui
The fifth day of January
Dali three pagodas
Songhuahui
The ninth day of January
Taoist temples in Dali and Weishan
the Lantern Festival
1 month 15 (Lantern Festival)
Midu secret address
Yi new year festival
The eighth day of February
Weishan Yi Nationality Village
Flower Festival
February 14
Dali and Jianchuan counties
Guanyin club
February nineteenth
Dali Kannonji
Xiaoji foot music club
On the third day of March
Dali Wuwei temple
march street
March 15 to 2 1 day
Dali chengxi
Bath Buddha Festival
The eighth day of April
Buddhist temple
Butterfly club
April fifteenth
Dali butterfly spring
Hongshanben Zhu Hui
April fifteenth
Eryuan Shuanglang Hongshan
About three kinds of spirits
22-24 April
Dali Dong Qing village
Tree planting meeting
Planting season
Bai villages in Dali and Eryuan
Fight south
The sixth day of June
Daoist/Taoist temple
at the seaside
June 15
Jianchuan Jianhu
Torch Festival (Yi nationality)
June 24(th)
Yi villages in Weishan and Nanjian
Torch Festival (Bai nationality)
June 25(th)
Bai village
Haidenghui
July 23(rd)
Erbihu Lake in Zi Yuan
Shi Baoshan Gehui
27-29 July
Jianchuan Shi Baoshan
Luomahui
in early August
Jinhua town, Jianchuan
Play around the sea
The eighth day of August
Jiaocai Village, Dali City
Jiangjundong temple fair
August 15th (Mid-Autumn Festival)
Xiaguan jiangjundong