The Economic Industry of Kokang Special Zone in Shan State
At the beginning of the 20th century, when Yang Guozheng was in power, Maliba's reputation was rising. Due to the production of high-quality opium, the business is booming, the society is prosperous, and the population is increasing greatly, the largest tobacco festival in the whole Golden Triangle region was born and it became the most lively opium trade event in northern Myanmar. Every year during the opium trade season, caravans from China, Sichuan and Yunnan, Indian and Thai businessmen gather in Kokang Old Street to traffic opium fields. In the trading activities, there are a series of other commodity trading and traditional folk cultural activities, and over time, the opium market in the southwest and the Golden Triangle has been formed, which lasted for ten days and a half. Bosses and caravans from China usually transport production tools, silks and utensils to Kokang for trade, and then transport them back to Yunnan with vast smoky soil. Merchants from Thailand and India mainly sell daily necessities. The British mainly peddle foreign goods. Smoke will be more and more prosperous, and it will become a major event after traditional festivals.
Of course, the most sought-after commodity at a smoke party is smoked soil. Before the 1940s, the most active protagonist at a smoke party was an Englishman who often held a stick of civilization. The caravan hired by the British was called "chasing foreign feet" by the locals, which was a very profitable thing at that time. When horses help with transportation, the profit is 2-3 times higher than that of riding a caravan alone. Toast Yang family is more keen on the smoke party. Because at this time of year, their caravan can not only make a lot of money, but also further strengthen the relationship with the British. As a toast department, the annual tobacco festival is the most impressive tobacco class in the department and the most important financial source. The local smoking class is almost the only source who dares to pay taxes to Shan Tusi.
As a courageous political and economic center, Laojie, although a small street, has won many years of glory because of the smoke. In the past 100 years, almost all the opium courageously produced has been distributed in the old streets. Goods from Myanmar to China also use Laojie as a transit point. In the early 1940s, there were many businesses in the whole street, including semicolons set up by the largest companies in Yunnan, such as Yongchangxiang, Fu Xie and Maoheng. Thousands of mules and horses came in and out every day.
Yang Jiahe's brave toast, Luo Jia and Su Jia became rich. Luo Chaoxing, the boss of Luo Si, invested most of his property in the caravan transportation industry after marriage. He has bought more than 200 mules and horses, established an armed force of more than 20 people, and started the business of transporting opium from Lashio, Dangyang, east to Chiang Rai and Wesai in Thailand, and sometimes helped people transport some miscellaneous dry goods.
After the defeat of Japan, the British returned to Myanmar. In order to get rid of British colonial rule, Myanmar set off a surging struggle for independence. The Freedom Alliance led by the national hero General Aung San has promoted the people's anti-British wave. Ethnic minorities such as Shan and Karen are the beneficiaries of British rule. When the Burmese people rose up against Britain, the whole Shan state where the Shan people lived also took active actions for their own interests.
In order to cope with possible changes, brave Tusi Yang and others recruited troops and expanded their armed forces to prevent accidents. Brave China people responded by donating money and materials, supporting Yang to set up a brave local self-defense force, and many brave young people joined the ranks of the self-defense force. During World War II, veterans of Chinese Expeditionary Force (composed of young students) also relied on the strength of China people to set up various Chinese schools and training courses in all parts of northern. In Kokang, the original government primary school in Luo Xinghan became an anti-military school in the 1950' s. Luo Xinghan is 13 years old, and Peng Jiasheng is under 14 years old. The instructor is a veteran of the Kuomintang Whampoa Military Academy. By the end of this training course, Luo, Peng and others had already developed their skills and were almost proficient in guerrilla warfare. After the military training course, all 22 students were awarded the rank of second lieutenant, and Luo Xinghan was the youngest, only a little over 14 years old. He and Peng Jiasheng were both assigned to the Kokang Self-Defense Force as the team leader and vice captain, and began to roll in the Golden Triangle area. Peng Jiasheng, on the other hand, began a 47-year-long March forward, and finally won the reputation of the king of March forward, becoming the longest-lived person in modern history. Later, Khun Sa also graduated from this school. The teaching here has created three people's ability to dominate the Golden Triangle in the future.
Before 1942, Kokang Tusi Department was in charge of local public security and justice. It is a "red Baotou" composed of twenty or thirty people. It was a police force in strange clothes and red hoods. It is said that it was hired by the British to patrol the headdress of India. Wearing black and white clothes and a machete at the waist, but it is also the costume of Qing officials. This funny team, which is compatible with the Qing Dynasty and British colonialism, is supported by taxes such as cigarettes and other taxes from the tradition of being brave. 1942 After Japan invaded Myanmar, in order to fight against the Japanese invaders, the heroic Red Baotou was renamed the Self-Defense Force. At that time, Yang Wenbing, the fourth-generation toast of Kokang, resolutely refused the temptation of the Japanese invaders at the time of crisis, resolutely erected the anti-Japanese banner in Kokang, and went to Chongqing in March 1942 to call on Chiang Kai-shek, then the leader of China's anti-Japanese war, claiming that he would never betray the scum of the Han nationality three hundred years ago, and was later awarded the post of Major General Commander of the anti-Japanese Self-Defense Force in Kokang area.
The Chinese Expeditionary Force invaded northern Myanmar. After being courageous, it was reorganized into the 20 th Army's courageous self-defense force, and guns and ammunition were distributed. As a result, the self-defense forces have grown to 1 1,000 people. Cooperate with the expeditionary force, directly confront the Japanese army for hundreds of times, and sacrifice 1500 people. The most brilliant one was to fight against Japan with the Chinese Expeditionary Force in Dashuitang area, annihilating more than one Japanese wing 1 000, thus leaving a good reputation for resisting Japan. Because of this team, the Miqi flag in Britain and the blue sky flag in China were always hung high in northern Myanmar at that time. It was not until 1948+0.0948 that Myanmar officially became independent in June that Tusi Wang Yangwenbing attended the Bannon Conference on the Founding of Myanmar. The Kokang people were recognized by the newly born Myanmar government for their contributions to the bloody war of resistance against Japan and defending the country. The Kokang people were written into the national register of Myanmar and became the smallest ethnic minority in northern Myanmar. Yang and his two brothers were elected as members of the upper house, members of the lower house and local governors respectively. They proposed to naturalize Chinese in northern Myanmar. However, when the Myanmar National Identity Card was issued in 1950, only more than 10,000 Chinese in Kokang area in northern Myanmar were willing to take it, and the centripetal force of Chinese was China in the north. Yang later became the finance director of Shan State, Myanmar, and the post of county magistrate of Kokang County was held by the Yang brothers in turn for many years.
1947, King George VI, England awarded Yang Wenbing order of the british empire for his meritorious service in the war against Japan. After that, only a team of more than 100 people was retained to defend their land autonomy, but the title of self-defense force continued. Later, with the development of the situation, the functions of the Self-Defense Forces gradually changed fundamentally, either as a tool for the courageous leadership to fight, or as a tool used by the Myanmar government, or as a drug case, such as Luo Xinghan's self-respect, and evolved into an armed force to protect opium transportation, or as a national armed force against the government, such as Peng Jiasheng.
194 1 year, Yang Wenbing was taken to Kolkata, India for a "holiday" for half a year by the British. Later, the British civil servant who accompanied him back to China boldly announced that Yang Wenbing's eldest son died young, followed by Yang as a "seal attack officer". The British adopted China's seal system, thus establishing Yang's position as the last generation of toast. In Yang's family, we can't help mentioning Yang's sister, Yang Jinxiu, who is called Miss. This is not only because Miss Yang Er has a legendary experience, but also because Luo Xinghan and others have a close relationship with her. Miss Yang Er is stubborn by nature. She studied literature and practiced martial arts since childhood. As an adult, she sells opium (Miss Yang Er is unmarried for life and now lives in Yangon, Myanmar). When the reporter interviewed in the Golden Triangle in April 2002, Miss Yang Er, who was over 70 years old, was in the hospital, and her life was dying. She has an armed caravan of about 200 people. The captain of this armed caravan is Luo Xinghan, the eldest son of the boss Ross. Luo Xinghan is more than ten years younger than Miss Yang Er, but because of the reputation and talent of Miss Yang Er, the toast, her personal influence has grown rapidly.
Luo Xinghan and others stood on their own feet with the self-esteem of the Self-Defense Forces. Dare to form a situation in which three major forces dominate the world. One is Yang Zhensheng's anti-Burmese armed forces, some of which are led by Thai Yang, and the other is the self-defense forces supported by the government; Third, the anti-Burmese armed forces composed of young people led by Peng Jiasheng. With the intensification of ethnic conflicts, the Myanmar government has strengthened its control over the Kokang area. 1958, a company of government troops entered the Kokang Reservoir. 1963 August 17, the Myanmar Military Investigation Department and the Northeast Military Region launched simultaneous operations to search for leading figures in the Kokang area. Yang Wencan was arrested in Yangon, Yang was arrested in Lashio, and Miss Yang Jinxiu was arrested almost simultaneously in Yangon and in eastern Myanmar. The 77th Division of the Burmese Army assembled on a large scale and began to advance rapidly to the Kokang area.
1June, 965, Peng Jiasheng, who was idle at home, secretly established the Kokang People's Revolutionary Army, which won the support of the Kokang people and openly confronted the government forces. Peng Jiasheng and his brother Peng Jiafu led an armed force of about 150 men, and on June+10/October 1 day, 65438, they marched back under the banner of the People's Revolutionary Army of Myanmar's * * * Production Party. Since then, bold began to rule Myanmar for more than 20 years.
1968, Myanmar * * * first captured the Kokang area, and by 1972, Kokang had completely become the base of the liberated area. The organizational system of Kokang County became a microcosm of Myanmar's ruling area in the 1970s.
The reporter met Luo Xingwei, a 30-year-old manager of Kokang Dazhu in Kokang. He and his brother set up shop in Kokang Old Street to do grocery business. In the past, they lived in a big cattle farm and lived on corn, tea, millet and poppy. His family and Luo Xinghan are peers, and they should be called Luo Xinghan's elder brother according to their generational age, but because of his prominent poisonous name, they don't want to associate with Luo Xinghan. Luo Xingwei has been a soldier for many years. He is usually taciturn, but he is very familiar with maps and some cultures. According to Luo Xingwei's memory, it turned out to be a virgin forest. In the late Ming and early Qing Dynasties, after Li Yong was captured, thousands of followers were exiled or fled, but most of them bravely settled down to avoid being besieged. The descendants of these famous Ming Dynasty soldiers are all anonymous. The ancestors of the Luo family were famous Nanjing stars and won the favor of the emperor. It was not until the eighth generation of the family, that is, Luo Xinghan's father Luo Chaoxing, that the ancestral tablet was re-established.
According to his explanation, Yong is a Shan language, "Guo" means nine, and "Dare" means others. Together, it is nine families. The English name of Kokang is "Kokang", which is interpreted as "a minority from China living in the Golden Triangle of Myanmar" on Yahoo's website. A brave man explains to himself that "fruit" equals decisiveness and "courage" equals courage. "Decisive and brave" is the declaration of today's brave people to their national names!