How to cultivate orchids?

"Three-point planting and seven-point cultivation" is the experience of ancient people in cultivating orchids. The quality of conservation is related to whether orchids flourish or not, so it is reasonable for predecessors to attach great importance to this. The following details the maintenance and management methods of orchids.

I. Place

The location of orchids is very important, which directly affects their growth and development. Orchids are generally placed in the open field in spring, summer and autumn (in the open shade in summer) and indoors in winter. It is best to be outdoors in an open and humid place. There should be enough light indoors, preferably facing south. In this way, it is beneficial to orchid growth. It's best to put the basin on a wooden frame or table, not on the ground.

Second, shading

Orchids are mostly semi-negative plants, and most varieties are afraid of direct sunlight and need proper shade. Orchids can get more sunshine in the first half of April to promote their growth. Appropriate shade should be provided after the end of April. Erect leaf varieties from Xia Lan and Qiu Lan are best placed in the cool south to get more sunshine. Qiu Lan and Chunlan with drooping leaves should be exposed to the sun for two hours every day. Shade early every day from June to September. If a reed curtain is used, a dense curtain or two-layer thin curtain can be used. After 10, the weather turns cold and the sunshine is weak, so the shading of vegetables can be postponed, but attention should still be paid to shading around noon.

Third, rain protection.

Orchids can rain lightly, but we should avoid mildew rain, showers or even rainy days. In the rainy season, it is particularly necessary to do a good job of rain protection. From late June to mid-September, showers are frequent. If it rains for a short time and the rainfall is small, water it more at night to discharge the hot air in the basin, otherwise it will damage the orchid and even rot its roots and die. If the sun shines after the rain, it should be shaded in time to avoid the influence of the rising heat on the growth of orchids.

The rainy season is the stage when orchids grow leaves. If the pot soil is too warm, it will lead to bad growth of leaves or cause diseases. At this time, a small amount of plant ash can be sprinkled to adjust the humidity of the basin soil.

Fourth, water.

The flower proverb says that "dry orchids wet chrysanthemums" has some truth. Generally speaking, orchids are best to be eight points dry and two points wet. If it is too wet, it is easy to make flowers rot and die. The principle of watering should be: water when it is dry, stop when it is wet, and dry when it is suitable. When mastering the details, it is generally necessary to pay attention to watering more during the growing period (the end of May-June), watering less during the germination period (about March-April) and flowering period (about March-April), and watering less or not during the dormant period (winter). If the flowerpot is big and the orchid plant is small, water less; if the potted plant is big, water more. Water more when the climate is hot and dry, and less or no water when it is cold and humid (such as rainy season). If the roots of orchids newly dug from the mountains are sparse or broken, they should be watered less to make the soil dry, so as to avoid root rot and be conducive to pumping new leaves.

As the ancients said, the experience of "dry in autumn and not wet in winter" well summarized how Chunlan and Xia Lan watered. But in some areas in the north, orchids are not too dry because the climate is too dry in winter and early spring.

Watering time: it is advisable to water orchid leaves after sunset in summer and autumn, so that they can be dried before nightfall, or watered in the morning; It is best to water before and after sunrise in winter and spring. It is not allowed to irrigate with cold water suddenly after the sun burns, so as not to lower the soil temperature, affect the water absorption of roots and interfere with the physiological balance. The amount of watering should not be too large to inhibit the occurrence of diseases.

Watering method: water should be poured from the pot, not into the bud, so as not to cause rot.

The predecessors had great experience in watering orchids. For example, Zhao Yu put forward different watering methods according to the 24 solar terms in the Dumen Lanyi Ji, and the excerpts are as follows for your reference. However, we should pay attention to two points: first, Dumen Lanyi is based on the climate of Beijing; Second, the month in the article refers to the lunar calendar rather than the Gregorian calendar. For example, "the first month" is actually February in the Gregorian calendar.

1, beginning of spring, it rains, Chunlan has flowers, the soil should not be too dry, and it is slightly wet along the basin; Don't water the Qiu Lan Basin if it hasn't been dried to the end.

2, Jing Zhe, when the Chunlan basin is half dry (above the ground), it can be watered and wet, but it should not be too much. Qiu Lan is the same as before.

3, the vernal equinox, Chunlan has faded, avoid dampness, and moisten the basin when it is half dry.

4, Qingming, Grain Rain, don't let the pot soil be too dry, water it every five days.

5, long summer, LAN began to leave home, should be watered once.

6, Xiaoman, the pot soil can not be too dry and too wet, the spots on the leaves are too wet, and the dead tips of the new buds are too dry. Water one liter (about dry teacups) every four days to make the soil moist from bottom to top.

7, mango, dry climate, be careful not to be too wet is more appropriate.

During the summer solstice, the soil in the basin should not be too dry. In case of heavy rain, you can only endure it for one day. If it rains, the basin should be moved to a ventilated place.

9. Summer is hot, and the air is too wet at this time, so the basin soil should not be too wet. The pot should be placed in a ventilated place. If it's hot and rainy, water one liter every two days, and be sure to dry it to two-thirds of the soil, otherwise don't water it again.

10, at high temperature, the soil in the basin is easy to dry to the end. It should be noted that it should only rain or wet once a day.

1 1, beginning of autumn and Lanzhou need to be watered at this time, and they need to be watered for 2 liters every 3 days, so as to avoid the wind once every second.

12, watering once every five days, in addition to continuous fog and rain, you can get in touch with rain and dew.

13, in the Millennium, Qiu Lan needs watering more than Chunlan, but when the water is wet, it must be dried before it can be wet again.

14, autumnal equinox, there are flowers in Lanruo autumn, so water less; If there are no flowers, water a little more.

15, cold dew, Qiu Lan should be watered thoroughly, and Chunlan should not be soaked.

16, Chu Shuang and Lan Yi entered the room, and the watering time was changed to noon. After watering, expose yourself to the sun 1-2 hours.

17, beginning of winter, only suitable for hydrating, about five and a half days.

18, light snow, greenhouse should not be warm, not too wet, if too wet, it can cause rotten roots, scarred leaves and even wither, if the pot is not dry to the end, just slightly wet the soil.

19, heavy snow, Qiu Lan doesn't need water, Chunlan should be slightly wet.

20. The solstice in winter is not suitable for irrigation.

2 1, slightly cold, avoid watering.

On the 22nd, it was cold, and Qiu Lan still didn't need water. Chunlan could be slightly moistened with water.

V. Fertilization

Fertilization of orchids depends on their growth. Fertilization can be applied to those who are flourishing and disease-free, and no fertilization or a small amount of fertilization can be applied to those who are not growing well. Don't use chemical fertilizer until the new roots of orchids dug from the mountains grow. They need to be cultivated for 1-2 years, and they can only be fertilized when the new roots are vigorous, otherwise they will die easily.

Generally speaking, in June and July, when the bud length of orchid leaves is about 1.5cm, 1-2 times of dilute decomposed liquid fertilizer can be applied (chemical fertilizer is not suitable), but it is not suitable for fertilization in high temperature season. Apply 1-2 times of decomposed dilute liquid fertilizer from August to September. Orchids planted in the heart can be smeared 1-2 times with plant ash leaching solution, and the effect is very good. It is best to apply fertilizer at night and water it again the next morning.

A simpler way to distinguish whether orchids need fertilization is to look at the shade of leaves. Yellow and thin leaves are lack of fertilizer and should be topdressing; If the leaves are black and the tips of the leaves are burnt, it means too much fertilization, and fertilization should be stopped.

Fertilizer can be made by the above methods. When applying these fertilizers, it is necessary to add 8-9 times of water for dilution, and it must not be too thick. When fertilizing, it should be applied to the rhizosphere of plants, and never to the leaves. The main fertilization time and date of orchids.

Number of times, date category, first time, second time, third time and fourth time.

Cymbidium hybridum was extremely thin for the fourth time in late June, mid-July, mid-August and early September.

The fourth time Sharan was particularly thin was in late June, mid-July, mid-August and early September.

Qiu Lan was particularly thin for the fourth time in early June, late June, late July and mid-August.

Sixth, pruning

Orchid cultivation should be pruned continuously. When the old leaves turn yellow, they should be cut off in time to facilitate ventilation, and the dry tips of some leaves should also be cut off. In particular, leaves damaged by pests and diseases need to be removed in time to avoid infection. When cutting off infected leaves, don't cut off diseased leaves with scissors to prevent virus infection. If the same scissors are used, they need to be disinfected.

After the flower buds of rare orchids are unearthed, if there are too many flower buds, we should leave strong flower buds and remove the remaining fine flower buds. It is advisable to leave 1-2 buds per pot. If there are too many buds, it will not only make the flowers bloom badly in that year, but also consume too many nutrients from the female parent, which will affect the flowers in the next year. Generally, orchids do not cut flower buds.

Chunlan flowers bloom for about half a month, that is, they need to be cut; The flowers in Xia Lan should also be cut from the inflorescence one week after the last flower blooms. Precious varieties are not suitable for pollination, otherwise it will affect the next year's flowering. If it is a hybrid, it needs to be cultivated in addition to making the fruit full and mature.

Seven, prevent colds

Qiu Lan should do a good job of cold protection in advance. If the temperature is 2-3℃, you can move indoors. Orchids in cold regions grow in the south and need to be protected from cold in advance. In spring and Xia Lan, the cold resistance is strong. If it is frozen, it should be moved indoors in time. The room temperature can be kept at 65438 0-2℃ for wintering. When the room temperature drops below zero due to a severe cold current, it needs to be heated in time. Generally, it is good to keep the room from freezing.

Indoor, Qiu Lan should be placed on the south side, and on the other side in spring and summer. Around noon, open the windows in the south and southeast for ventilation (Qiu Lan is not allowed to open windows on cloudy days of 1-2℃ to prevent cold wind from blowing frostbitten leaves). Qiu Lan likes to be dry in winter, and the rest of the soil in the orchid pot should be kept moist.

Eight, picking flowers

For orchids that don't grow well, pick flowers if there are not many leaves in each cluster or the roots are not good. For better varieties, Chunlan can properly pick 1-2 buds, and when the buds are elongated, 1-2 buds can be left in Xia Lan, and the rest can be picked, so that the flowers can bloom for a long time, new leaves are pumped more, and old leaves are not easy to die.

Precious orchids should be picked after 3-5 days to make the leaf buds grow sturdily; When the flowers in Xia Lan grow to the highest height, they can also be cut from the pots.

Nine, flood control

If the cultivation area is open and the terrain is high, and there is strong wind or typhoon crossing the border in summer, it is necessary to do a good job of windproof to avoid the leaves of Xia Lan or Hanlan being broken.

X. Spray

In the dry season, spray on the balcony where potted flowers are placed every evening, mainly to moisten the ground and increase the air humidity. Blue flowerpots should also be sprayed. Spray upward when spraying, so that the droplets are even and the leaves are moist, which can promote the orchids to grow well and the leaves are shiny.

Twelve, pest control

It is necessary to carry out sterilization and disinfection (exposure to the hot sun is enough) to prevent diseases. Orchids are most prone to white silk disease in rainy and high temperature seasons, which can be prevented by spraying Tobuzin 800 times solution or Bordeaux solution. If the condition is serious, tobuzine can be released 500-750 times and sprayed once every 7- 10 days. Scale insects are the most common pests and attach to the base of leaves. If scale insects are found, they should be removed in time. In order to avoid the invasion of scale insects, "1059" 2000 times solution can be used for control from April.

In order to suppress the occurrence of orchid diseases, in the selection of flowerpots, besides properly controlling the degree of dryness and wetness of the soil, more pottery pots should be used, and less glaze pots should be used. In particular, orchids newly dug from poorly growing mountains must be planted in clay pots. Doing so makes the pot soil easy to dry, which can promote the growth of orchids and reduce the incidence.